In September 2023, DG ECFIN’s flash estimate1 of the consumer confidence indicator2 decreased for the second month in a row in both the EU (1.6 percentage points (pps.) down) and the euro area (1.8 pps. down). Scoring at -18.7 (EU) and ‑17.8 (euro area) pps., consumer confidence has fallen further below its long-term average. (full story)