Today sees the latest release of the au Jibun Bank Flash Japan Composite PMI®. Published on a monthly basis approximately one week before final PMI data are released, this makes the PMI the earliest available indicator of private sector operating conditions in Japan. The estimate is typically based on approximately 85%–90% of total PMI survey responses each month and is designed to provide an accurate indication of final PMI data. Commenting on the latest survey results, Usamah Bhatti, Economist at IHS Markit, said: “The Japanese private sector continued to struggle in December, with flash PMI survey data signalling ... (full story)