broketrader, I just wanted to drop a quick note to let you know your thread is still helping people. Thank you for taking the time to write up this tutorial, and provide the code examples. I am not entirely new to coding, but all I have ever worked with has been procedural coding, so the OOP has been just ...... very weird for me to fully grasp how it works. Before this, (and I am currently only up to page 2 of this thread) I knew enough to decipher pre-existing code, given enough time.....but not enough to write out new code from scratch. As of now, I am grasping enough of the OOP concept that I am starting to have a lot of ideas on how I can improve previous code I have written, and more. Anyway....thank you immensely for sharing your experience and knowledge with us!