Department of Labor Logo United States Department of Labor
Dot gov

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Economic News Release
PRINT:Print
CPS CPS Program Links
CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	          USDL-18-1912
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, December 7, 2018

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
                       THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- NOVEMBER 2018


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 155,000 in November, and the unemployment rate
remained unchanged at 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job
gains occurred in health care, in manufacturing, and in transportation and warehousing.

Household Survey Data

In November, the unemployment rate was 3.7 percent for the third month in a row, and the
number of unemployed persons was little changed at 6.0 million. Over the year, the
unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons declined by 0.4 percentage point
and 641,000, respectively. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.3 percent),
adult women (3.4 percent), teenagers (12.0 percent), Whites (3.4 percent), Blacks
(5.9 percent), Asians (2.7 percent), and Hispanics (4.5 percent) showed little or no
change in November. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) declined by
120,000 to 1.3 million in November. These individuals accounted for 20.8 percent of the
unemployed. (See table A-12.)

Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, and the employment-population
ratio, at 60.6 percent, were unchanged in November. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers), at 4.8 million, changed little in November. These
individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs.
(See table A-8.)

In November, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, an increase
of 197,000 from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals
were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a
job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they
had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 453,000 discouraged workers in November, essentially
unchanged from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are
persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for
them. The remaining 1.2 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in November
had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities.
(See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 155,000 in November, compared with an
average monthly gain of 209,000 over the prior 12 months. In November, job gains occurred
in health care, in manufacturing, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1.)

Health care employment rose by 32,000 in November. Within the industry, job gains occurred
in ambulatory health care services (+19,000) and hospitals (+13,000). Over the year, health
care has added 328,000 jobs.

In November, manufacturing added 27,000 jobs, with increases in chemicals (+6,000) and
primary metals (+3,000). Manufacturing employment has increased by 288,000 over the year,
largely in durable goods industries.

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 25,000 in November. Job gains occurred
in couriers and messengers (+10,000) and in warehousing and storage (+6,000). Over the year,
transportation and warehousing has added 192,000 jobs.

In November, employment in professional and business services continued on an upward trend
(+32,000). The industry has added 561,000 jobs over the year.

Retail trade employment changed little in November (+18,000). Job growth occurred in general
merchandise stores (+39,000) and miscellaneous store retailers (+10,000). These gains were
offset, in part, by declines in clothing and clothing accessories stores (-14,000);
electronics and appliance stores(-11,000); and sporting goods, hobby, and book stores (-11,000).

Employment in other major industries--including mining, construction, wholesale trade,
information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, and government--showed little
change over the month.  

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to
34.4 hours in November. In manufacturing, both the workweek and overtime were unchanged
(40.8 hours and 3.5 hours, respectively). The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls held at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6
cents to $27.35. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 81 cents, or 3.1
percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees
increased by 7 cents to $22.95 in November. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised down from +250,000 to
+237,000, and the change for September was revised up from +118,000 to +119,000. With these
revisions, employment gains in September and October combined were 12,000 less than previously
reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and
government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal
factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 170,000 per month over the last 3 months. 

_____________
The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 4, 2019,
at 8:30 a.m. (EST).		


 _________________________________________________________________________________________
|                                                                                         |
|                   Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data                 |
|                                                                                         |
|  In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December  |
|  2018, scheduled for January 4, 2019, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally   |
|  adjusted household survey data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years   |
|  are subject to revision.                                                               |
|_________________________________________________________________________________________|




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Change from:
Oct.
2018-
Nov.
2018

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

255,949 258,290 258,514 258,708 194

Civilian labor force

160,533 161,926 162,637 162,770 133

Participation rate

62.7 62.7 62.9 62.9 0.0

Employed

153,917 155,962 156,562 156,795 233

Employment-population ratio

60.1 60.4 60.6 60.6 0.0

Unemployed

6,616 5,964 6,075 5,975 -100

Unemployment rate

4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0

Not in labor force

95,416 96,364 95,877 95,937 60

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

4.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.0

Adult men (20 years and over)

3.7 3.4 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)

3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 0.0

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

15.9 12.8 11.9 12.0 0.1

White

3.7 3.3 3.3 3.4 0.1

Black or African American

7.2 6.0 6.2 5.9 -0.3

Asian

3.0 3.5 3.2 2.7 -0.5

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

4.8 4.5 4.4 4.5 0.1

Total, 25 years and over

3.3 3.0 3.1 3.0 -0.1

Less than a high school diploma

5.2 5.5 6.0 5.6 -0.4

High school graduates, no college

4.3 3.7 4.0 3.5 -0.5

Some college or associate degree

3.6 3.2 3.0 3.1 0.1

Bachelor's degree and higher

2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

3,149 2,796 2,850 2,808 -42

Job leavers

739 730 726 704 -22

Reentrants

2,025 1,877 1,906 1,869 -37

New entrants

697 586 606 573 -33

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,253 2,065 2,057 2,126 69

5 to 14 weeks

1,894 1,720 1,821 1,813 -8

15 to 26 weeks

921 861 856 839 -17

27 weeks and over

1,593 1,384 1,373 1,253 -120

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

4,851 4,642 4,621 4,802 181

Slack work or business conditions

2,995 2,782 2,816 2,879 63

Could only find part-time work

1,558 1,447 1,436 1,565 129

Part time for noneconomic reasons

21,022 21,464 21,512 20,908 -604

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,481 1,577 1,491 1,678 -

Discouraged workers

469 383 506 453 -

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

216 119 237 155

Total private

217 117 251 161

Goods-producing

78 37 53 29

Mining and logging

6 3 3 -3

Construction

42 15 24 5

Manufacturing

30 19 26 27

Durable goods(1)

27 15 16 15

Motor vehicles and parts

3.3 1.1 6.2 -0.8

Nondurable goods

3 4 10 12

Private service-providing

139 80 198 132

Wholesale trade

10.0 2.7 9.3 9.5

Retail trade

27.2 -26.8 -7.1 18.2

Transportation and warehousing

12.1 24.7 15.7 25.4

Utilities

0.1 0.2 1.2 0.2

Information

-4 -7 8 -8

Financial activities

9 17 12 6

Professional and business services(1)

16 52 58 32

Temporary help services

7.1 12.8 16.5 8.3

Education and health services(1)

38 9 39 34

Health care and social assistance

27.8 31.7 44.7 40.1

Leisure and hospitality

20 5 56 15

Other services

11 3 6 0

Government

-1 2 -14 -6

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

167 190 214 170

Total private

170 174 212 176

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.5 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private women employees

48.1 48.3 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

82.4 82.4 82.4 82.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.5 34.4 34.5 34.4

Average hourly earnings

$26.54 $27.25 $27.29 $27.35

Average weekly earnings

$915.63 $937.40 $941.51 $940.84

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

108.3 109.7 110.3 110.1

Over-the-month percent change

0.5 -0.3 0.5 -0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

137.5 143.0 143.9 144.0

Over-the-month percent change

0.7 0.1 0.6 0.1

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (258 industries)

66.1 61.0 64.7 58.3

Manufacturing (76 industries)

63.2 65.1 61.8 63.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 651,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-65,000 to +165,000 (50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

255,949 258,514 258,708 255,949 257,843 258,066 258,290 258,514 258,708

Civilian labor force

160,466 162,723 162,665 160,533 162,245 161,776 161,926 162,637 162,770

Participation rate

62.7 62.9 62.9 62.7 62.9 62.7 62.7 62.9 62.9

Employed

154,180 156,952 157,015 153,917 155,965 155,542 155,962 156,562 156,795

Employment-population ratio

60.2 60.7 60.7 60.1 60.5 60.3 60.4 60.6 60.6

Unemployed

6,286 5,771 5,650 6,616 6,280 6,234 5,964 6,075 5,975

Unemployment rate

3.9 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7

Not in labor force

95,483 95,792 96,043 95,416 95,598 96,290 96,364 95,877 95,937

Persons who currently want a job

4,877 5,048 5,060 5,265 5,163 5,389 5,237 5,309 5,397

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

123,707 125,041 125,137 123,707 124,704 124,816 124,928 125,041 125,137

Civilian labor force

84,943 86,081 85,974 85,221 85,950 85,854 85,856 86,146 86,326

Participation rate

68.7 68.8 68.7 68.9 68.9 68.8 68.7 68.9 69.0

Employed

81,535 83,052 83,033 81,666 82,684 82,545 82,645 82,903 83,219

Employment-population ratio

65.9 66.4 66.4 66.0 66.3 66.1 66.2 66.3 66.5

Unemployed

3,408 3,029 2,941 3,555 3,266 3,309 3,211 3,243 3,106

Unemployment rate

4.0 3.5 3.4 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force

38,764 38,960 39,163 38,486 38,754 38,962 39,072 38,895 38,811

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

115,212 116,546 116,646 115,212 116,220 116,328 116,437 116,546 116,646

Civilian labor force

82,257 83,332 83,231 82,375 83,058 83,030 83,063 83,286 83,409

Participation rate

71.4 71.5 71.4 71.5 71.5 71.4 71.3 71.5 71.5

Employed

79,349 80,637 80,636 79,324 80,240 80,134 80,225 80,405 80,660

Employment-population ratio

68.9 69.2 69.1 68.9 69.0 68.9 68.9 69.0 69.1

Unemployed

2,909 2,694 2,596 3,050 2,818 2,895 2,837 2,881 2,749

Unemployment rate

3.5 3.2 3.1 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force

32,954 33,215 33,414 32,837 33,162 33,298 33,374 33,260 33,236

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

132,242 133,474 133,571 132,242 133,139 133,250 133,362 133,474 133,571

Civilian labor force

75,523 76,642 76,691 75,312 76,295 75,922 76,070 76,491 76,445

Participation rate

57.1 57.4 57.4 57.0 57.3 57.0 57.0 57.3 57.2

Employed

72,645 73,900 73,982 72,251 73,281 72,997 73,317 73,659 73,576

Employment-population ratio

54.9 55.4 55.4 54.6 55.0 54.8 55.0 55.2 55.1

Unemployed

2,877 2,742 2,709 3,061 3,013 2,925 2,753 2,832 2,869

Unemployment rate

3.8 3.6 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.8

Not in labor force

56,719 56,832 56,880 56,930 56,844 57,328 57,292 56,983 57,126

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

123,975 125,200 125,299 123,975 124,875 124,983 125,091 125,200 125,299

Civilian labor force

72,673 73,683 73,820 72,302 73,285 73,154 73,039 73,391 73,431

Participation rate

58.6 58.9 58.9 58.3 58.7 58.5 58.4 58.6 58.6

Employed

70,163 71,270 71,438 69,665 70,598 70,529 70,656 70,909 70,917

Employment-population ratio

56.6 56.9 57.0 56.2 56.5 56.4 56.5 56.6 56.6

Unemployed

2,509 2,412 2,383 2,637 2,687 2,625 2,383 2,482 2,514

Unemployment rate

3.5 3.3 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4

Not in labor force

51,302 51,517 51,479 51,673 51,590 51,829 52,052 51,809 51,868

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,762 16,768 16,763 16,762 16,748 16,755 16,762 16,768 16,763

Civilian labor force

5,536 5,708 5,613 5,857 5,902 5,592 5,824 5,960 5,930

Participation rate

33.0 34.0 33.5 34.9 35.2 33.4 34.7 35.5 35.4

Employed

4,668 5,045 4,941 4,928 5,127 4,879 5,081 5,248 5,218

Employment-population ratio

27.8 30.1 29.5 29.4 30.6 29.1 30.3 31.3 31.1

Unemployed

868 664 672 929 775 714 743 712 712

Unemployment rate

15.7 11.6 12.0 15.9 13.1 12.8 12.8 11.9 12.0

Not in labor force

11,226 11,060 11,150 10,906 10,846 11,163 10,938 10,808 10,833

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

199,386 200,596 200,690 199,386 200,236 200,356 200,476 200,596 200,690

Civilian labor force

124,966 126,018 126,165 125,110 125,720 125,306 125,483 126,027 126,254

Participation rate

62.7 62.8 62.9 62.7 62.8 62.5 62.6 62.8 62.9

Employed

120,749 122,170 122,247 120,514 121,506 121,027 121,398 121,904 122,011

Employment-population ratio

60.6 60.9 60.9 60.4 60.7 60.4 60.6 60.8 60.8

Unemployed

4,217 3,848 3,918 4,596 4,214 4,279 4,085 4,123 4,243

Unemployment rate

3.4 3.1 3.1 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4

Not in labor force

74,420 74,578 74,525 74,276 74,517 75,049 74,993 74,569 74,435

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

65,297 65,737 65,825 65,394 65,614 65,505 65,611 65,724 65,916

Participation rate

71.6 71.6 71.6 71.7 71.6 71.4 71.5 71.5 71.7

Employed

63,327 63,933 64,000 63,282 63,690 63,486 63,629 63,760 63,961

Employment-population ratio

69.5 69.6 69.6 69.4 69.5 69.2 69.3 69.4 69.6

Unemployed

1,971 1,803 1,826 2,112 1,924 2,019 1,982 1,964 1,955

Unemployment rate

3.0 2.7 2.8 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

55,365 55,941 56,054 55,147 55,534 55,351 55,297 55,752 55,789

Participation rate

57.7 58.0 58.1 57.5 57.7 57.5 57.4 57.8 57.8

Employed

53,729 54,325 54,413 53,342 53,746 53,592 53,722 54,067 53,997

Employment-population ratio

56.0 56.3 56.4 55.6 55.8 55.6 55.7 56.1 56.0

Unemployed

1,635 1,615 1,642 1,805 1,787 1,759 1,575 1,685 1,792

Unemployment rate

3.0 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,304 4,341 4,285 4,569 4,572 4,450 4,574 4,552 4,549

Participation rate

34.9 35.3 34.8 37.0 37.2 36.2 37.2 37.0 37.0

Employed

3,693 3,911 3,835 3,891 4,069 3,949 4,046 4,078 4,053

Employment-population ratio

29.9 31.8 31.2 31.5 33.1 32.1 32.9 33.1 32.9

Unemployed

611 429 450 678 502 501 528 474 496

Unemployment rate

14.2 9.9 10.5 14.8 11.0 11.3 11.5 10.4 10.9

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

32,404 32,887 32,923 32,404 32,771 32,810 32,848 32,887 32,923

Civilian labor force

20,218 20,706 20,467 20,175 20,495 20,404 20,513 20,590 20,462

Participation rate

62.4 63.0 62.2 62.3 62.5 62.2 62.4 62.6 62.2

Employed

18,779 19,397 19,288 18,718 19,144 19,114 19,272 19,310 19,251

Employment-population ratio

58.0 59.0 58.6 57.8 58.4 58.3 58.7 58.7 58.5

Unemployed

1,439 1,309 1,179 1,457 1,351 1,289 1,240 1,280 1,210

Unemployment rate

7.1 6.3 5.8 7.2 6.6 6.3 6.0 6.2 5.9

Not in labor force

12,186 12,181 12,456 12,230 12,276 12,406 12,336 12,297 12,461

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,210 9,477 9,298 9,225 9,320 9,407 9,359 9,426 9,321

Participation rate

68.0 68.7 67.3 68.1 67.9 68.4 68.0 68.4 67.5

Employed

8,552 8,862 8,771 8,552 8,751 8,841 8,813 8,836 8,784

Employment-population ratio

63.1 64.3 63.5 63.1 63.7 64.3 64.0 64.1 63.6

Unemployed

658 615 528 673 569 566 546 590 537

Unemployment rate

7.1 6.5 5.7 7.3 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.3 5.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,310 10,415 10,375 10,219 10,426 10,361 10,427 10,337 10,305

Participation rate

63.1 62.7 62.4 62.5 63.0 62.5 62.9 62.3 62.0

Employed

9,703 9,892 9,872 9,622 9,793 9,766 9,874 9,834 9,796

Employment-population ratio

59.3 59.6 59.4 58.8 59.2 59.0 59.5 59.2 58.9

Unemployed

607 523 503 597 633 595 554 503 509

Unemployment rate

5.9 5.0 4.8 5.8 6.1 5.7 5.3 4.9 4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

698 815 794 731 750 635 726 827 836

Participation rate

27.8 32.7 31.9 29.1 30.0 25.5 29.1 33.2 33.6

Employed

524 643 645 544 600 508 585 640 672

Employment-population ratio

20.9 25.8 25.9 21.7 24.1 20.3 23.5 25.7 27.0

Unemployed

174 172 149 187 149 128 140 187 165

Unemployment rate

25.0 21.1 18.7 25.5 19.9 20.1 19.3 22.6 19.7

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

15,370 16,030 16,096 15,370 15,922 16,093 16,011 16,030 16,096

Civilian labor force

9,633 10,213 10,281 9,699 10,153 10,259 10,300 10,284 10,342

Participation rate

62.7 63.7 63.9 63.1 63.8 63.7 64.3 64.2 64.3

Employed

9,343 9,899 9,999 9,407 9,838 9,950 9,938 9,959 10,059

Employment-population ratio

60.8 61.8 62.1 61.2 61.8 61.8 62.1 62.1 62.5

Unemployed

290 314 282 292 314 309 362 324 283

Unemployment rate

3.0 3.1 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.2 2.7

Not in labor force

5,737 5,817 5,814 5,671 5,769 5,834 5,712 5,746 5,754

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

41,751 43,054 43,146 41,751 42,767 42,863 42,959 43,054 43,146

Civilian labor force

27,479 28,512 28,854 27,389 28,495 28,242 28,346 28,500 28,806

Participation rate

65.8 66.2 66.9 65.6 66.6 65.9 66.0 66.2 66.8

Employed

26,196 27,343 27,585 26,088 27,223 26,927 27,059 27,252 27,510

Employment-population ratio

62.7 63.5 63.9 62.5 63.7 62.8 63.0 63.3 63.8

Unemployed

1,283 1,169 1,269 1,301 1,273 1,315 1,287 1,248 1,296

Unemployment rate

4.7 4.1 4.4 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5

Not in labor force

14,272 14,542 14,293 14,361 14,272 14,621 14,613 14,554 14,340

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

14,999 15,442 15,599 14,969 15,519 15,421 15,416 15,440 15,594

Participation rate

79.8 79.4 80.1 79.6 80.4 79.7 79.5 79.4 80.1

Employed

14,432 14,898 15,080 14,400 15,017 14,849 14,822 14,844 15,062

Employment-population ratio

76.8 76.6 77.4 76.6 77.8 76.7 76.4 76.4 77.3

Unemployed

567 544 519 569 502 572 594 596 532

Unemployment rate

3.8 3.5 3.3 3.8 3.2 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.4

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

11,314 11,778 11,945 11,222 11,684 11,593 11,673 11,756 11,845

Participation rate

59.3 59.9 60.6 58.8 59.8 59.2 59.5 59.8 60.1

Employed

10,769 11,305 11,395 10,676 11,131 11,009 11,172 11,255 11,295

Employment-population ratio

56.4 57.5 57.8 56.0 57.0 56.3 57.0 57.3 57.3

Unemployed

545 472 550 546 553 584 501 501 550

Unemployment rate

4.8 4.0 4.6 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.3 4.3 4.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,166 1,293 1,310 1,198 1,292 1,228 1,257 1,304 1,367

Participation rate

30.1 32.6 33.0 30.9 32.8 31.1 31.8 32.9 34.5

Employed

995 1,140 1,110 1,012 1,075 1,068 1,065 1,153 1,153

Employment-population ratio

25.7 28.8 28.0 26.2 27.3 27.1 26.9 29.1 29.1

Unemployed

171 152 200 185 218 160 192 151 214

Unemployment rate

14.7 11.8 15.3 15.5 16.8 13.0 15.3 11.6 15.6

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

10,298 10,078 10,254 10,167 10,212 10,311 10,189 10,262 10,177

Participation rate

45.6 46.9 47.0 45.1 46.9 46.3 46.0 47.7 46.6

Employed

9,779 9,567 9,700 9,639 9,695 9,728 9,626 9,651 9,607

Employment-population ratio

43.4 44.5 44.4 42.7 44.5 43.7 43.5 44.9 44.0

Unemployed

518 510 554 528 517 583 563 611 570

Unemployment rate

5.0 5.1 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.5 6.0 5.6

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

36,102 36,254 35,967 36,014 36,534 36,121 36,224 36,092 35,899

Participation rate

57.7 57.8 57.7 57.5 57.9 57.3 57.5 57.6 57.6

Employed

34,598 34,879 34,764 34,463 35,056 34,699 34,873 34,638 34,625

Employment-population ratio

55.3 55.6 55.8 55.1 55.5 55.0 55.3 55.3 55.6

Unemployed

1,504 1,375 1,203 1,551 1,478 1,422 1,351 1,454 1,274

Unemployment rate

4.2 3.8 3.3 4.3 4.0 3.9 3.7 4.0 3.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

38,075 37,808 37,649 37,955 37,531 37,300 37,423 37,598 37,540

Participation rate

66.4 65.7 65.6 66.2 65.4 65.6 65.3 65.3 65.4

Employed

36,747 36,706 36,516 36,579 36,340 35,987 36,239 36,462 36,370

Employment-population ratio

64.1 63.8 63.6 63.8 63.3 63.3 63.2 63.4 63.4

Unemployed

1,328 1,102 1,133 1,376 1,191 1,313 1,184 1,136 1,170

Unemployment rate

3.5 2.9 3.0 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.1

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

55,498 58,022 58,392 55,501 56,940 57,638 57,258 57,856 58,406

Participation rate

73.6 73.6 73.7 73.6 73.4 74.0 73.6 73.4 73.7

Employed

54,424 56,890 57,194 54,348 55,672 56,452 56,124 56,700 57,102

Employment-population ratio

72.2 72.2 72.2 72.1 71.8 72.5 72.1 71.9 72.1

Unemployed

1,074 1,132 1,198 1,153 1,268 1,186 1,134 1,156 1,305

Unemployment rate

1.9 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

19,420 19,060 17,566 17,187 1,854 1,873

Civilian labor force

9,698 9,458 8,569 8,297 1,129 1,162

Participation rate

49.9 49.6 48.8 48.3 60.9 62.0

Employed

9,310 9,167 8,223 8,040 1,087 1,127

Employment-population ratio

47.9 48.1 46.8 46.8 58.6 60.2

Unemployed

388 291 346 257 42 35

Unemployment rate

4.0 3.1 4.0 3.1 3.7 3.0

Not in labor force

9,722 9,602 8,997 8,890 725 711

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,103 4,226 3,410 3,506 692 720

Civilian labor force

3,374 3,489 2,882 2,957 493 533

Participation rate

82.2 82.6 84.5 84.3 71.2 73.9

Employed

3,219 3,370 2,759 2,859 460 511

Employment-population ratio

78.5 79.7 80.9 81.5 66.5 70.9

Unemployed

155 120 123 98 33 22

Unemployment rate

4.6 3.4 4.3 3.3 6.6 4.1

Not in labor force

728 737 529 549 199 188

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,030 3,074 2,551 2,587 480 487

Civilian labor force

2,387 2,382 2,052 2,032 335 350

Participation rate

78.8 77.5 80.4 78.5 69.9 71.8

Employed

2,316 2,321 1,984 1,977 332 344

Employment-population ratio

76.4 75.5 77.8 76.4 69.1 70.6

Unemployed

71 61 67 55 4 6

Unemployment rate

3.0 2.6 3.3 2.7 1.1 1.7

Not in labor force

643 692 499 555 144 137

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

7,873 7,469 7,605 7,213 268 256

Civilian labor force

1,753 1,600 1,689 1,532 64 68

Participation rate

22.3 21.4 22.2 21.2 23.7 26.5

Employed

1,680 1,565 1,616 1,497 64 68

Employment-population ratio

21.3 21.0 21.3 20.8 23.7 26.5

Unemployed

73 35 73 35 0 0

Unemployment rate

4.2 2.2 4.3 2.3 - -

Not in labor force

6,120 5,869 5,916 5,681 204 188

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,414 4,291 4,000 3,881 414 410

Civilian labor force

2,184 1,988 1,946 1,776 237 212

Participation rate

49.5 46.3 48.7 45.8 57.3 51.6

Employed

2,095 1,912 1,863 1,708 231 204

Employment-population ratio

47.5 44.6 46.6 44.0 55.9 49.9

Unemployed

89 76 83 68 6 7

Unemployment rate

4.1 3.8 4.3 3.8 2.5 3.4

Not in labor force

2,230 2,303 2,054 2,105 177 198

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

227,216 230,685 101,379 103,394 125,837 127,291

Civilian labor force

148,582 151,133 75,345 76,761 73,237 74,372

Participation rate

65.4 65.5 74.3 74.2 58.2 58.4

Employed

143,076 146,041 72,500 74,218 70,576 71,823

Employment-population ratio

63.0 63.3 71.5 71.8 56.1 56.4

Unemployed

5,506 5,093 2,845 2,543 2,661 2,549

Unemployment rate

3.7 3.4 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.4

Not in labor force

78,634 79,552 26,034 26,633 52,600 52,919

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

29,968 30,390 225,981 228,317

Civilian labor force

6,222 6,397 154,244 156,267

Participation rate

20.8 21.1 68.3 68.4

Employed

5,693 5,904 148,487 151,111

Employment-population ratio

19.0 19.4 65.7 66.2

Unemployed

529 494 5,757 5,156

Unemployment rate

8.5 7.7 3.7 3.3

Not in labor force

23,746 23,993 71,737 72,050

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,730 2,670 76,842 77,695

Participation rate

36.5 35.3 81.9 82.4

Employed

2,469 2,460 73,867 75,127

Employment-population ratio

33.0 32.5 78.8 79.7

Unemployed

262 210 2,976 2,568

Unemployment rate

9.6 7.9 3.9 3.3

Not in labor force

4,760 4,897 16,927 16,600

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,321 2,491 68,900 69,459

Participation rate

29.9 31.7 71.2 71.6

Employed

2,109 2,266 66,365 67,115

Employment-population ratio

27.2 28.9 68.6 69.1

Unemployed

212 225 2,535 2,343

Unemployment rate

9.1 9.0 3.7 3.4

Not in labor force

5,437 5,361 27,838 27,604

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,170 1,237 8,502 9,113

Participation rate

8.0 8.3 24.0 24.7

Employed

1,115 1,178 8,255 8,868

Employment-population ratio

7.6 7.9 23.3 24.0

Unemployed

55 59 247 245

Unemployment rate

4.7 4.8 2.9 2.7

Not in labor force

13,548 13,735 26,972 27,846

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

41,834 43,310 20,121 20,898 21,712 22,412

Civilian labor force

27,395 28,717 15,597 16,401 11,798 12,316

Participation rate

65.5 66.3 77.5 78.5 54.3 55.0

Employed

26,453 27,805 15,138 15,951 11,315 11,854

Employment-population ratio

63.2 64.2 75.2 76.3 52.1 52.9

Unemployed

942 912 459 451 483 462

Unemployment rate

3.4 3.2 2.9 2.7 4.1 3.7

Not in labor force

14,438 14,593 4,524 4,497 9,914 10,096

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

214,115 215,398 103,586 104,239 110,530 111,159

Civilian labor force

133,071 133,948 69,346 69,572 63,725 64,375

Participation rate

62.1 62.2 66.9 66.7 57.7 57.9

Employed

127,727 129,210 66,396 67,082 61,331 62,128

Employment-population ratio

59.7 60.0 64.1 64.4 55.5 55.9

Unemployed

5,344 4,738 2,950 2,490 2,394 2,248

Unemployment rate

4.0 3.5 4.3 3.6 3.8 3.5

Not in labor force

81,045 81,450 34,240 34,667 46,805 46,784

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,451 2,484 2,553 2,510 2,498 2,345 2,474 2,406 2,557

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,666 1,771 1,784 1,697 1,658 1,528 1,640 1,658 1,774

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

754 692 742 791 783 772 812 731 770

Unpaid family workers

30 21 27 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

151,729 154,468 154,461 151,453 153,473 153,262 153,474 154,152 154,300

Wage and salary workers(1)

142,653 145,325 145,430 142,472 144,447 144,276 144,389 145,109 145,344

Government

20,950 21,187 21,270 20,717 20,900 20,791 20,743 21,212 21,057

Private industries

121,702 124,139 124,161 121,779 123,541 123,513 123,634 123,968 124,293

Private households

608 769 811 - - - - - -

Other industries

121,094 123,370 123,349 121,140 122,772 122,749 122,842 123,167 123,451

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,030 9,055 8,961 8,922 8,880 8,861 8,959 8,943 8,873

Unpaid family workers

46 88 69 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,642 4,246 4,558 4,851 4,567 4,379 4,642 4,621 4,802

Slack work or business conditions

2,872 2,600 2,760 2,995 2,877 2,551 2,782 2,816 2,879

Could only find part-time work

1,497 1,433 1,541 1,558 1,431 1,365 1,447 1,436 1,565

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

22,123 21,979 21,930 21,022 21,532 21,781 21,464 21,512 20,908

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,554 4,169 4,512 4,759 4,482 4,311 4,547 4,523 4,734

Slack work or business conditions

2,819 2,541 2,719 2,952 2,836 2,522 2,752 2,763 2,843

Could only find part-time work

1,486 1,428 1,541 1,552 1,415 1,355 1,441 1,431 1,580

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

21,744 21,616 21,539 20,645 21,177 21,448 21,057 21,143 20,518

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

154,180 156,952 157,015 153,917 155,965 155,542 155,962 156,562 156,795

16 to 19 years

4,668 5,045 4,941 4,928 5,127 4,879 5,081 5,248 5,218

16 to 17 years

1,794 1,940 1,807 1,929 1,815 1,770 1,766 1,956 1,917

18 to 19 years

2,874 3,105 3,134 2,996 3,315 3,110 3,293 3,293 3,307

20 years and over

149,512 151,908 152,073 148,989 150,838 150,663 150,881 151,314 151,578

20 to 24 years

13,963 13,865 13,899 13,982 14,128 13,841 14,026 13,902 13,947

25 years and over

135,549 138,042 138,174 135,009 136,762 136,749 136,856 137,506 137,603

25 to 54 years

99,823 101,289 101,273 99,407 100,417 100,276 100,316 100,903 100,845

25 to 34 years

34,821 35,802 35,779 34,692 35,444 35,316 35,500 35,699 35,679

35 to 44 years

32,316 33,017 32,958 32,146 32,690 32,636 32,489 32,853 32,789

45 to 54 years

32,685 32,469 32,537 32,568 32,283 32,324 32,327 32,352 32,377

55 years and over

35,726 36,753 36,901 35,602 36,346 36,473 36,540 36,602 36,758

Men, 16 years and over

81,535 83,052 83,033 81,666 82,684 82,545 82,645 82,903 83,219

16 to 19 years

2,186 2,415 2,397 2,342 2,444 2,410 2,420 2,498 2,559

16 to 17 years

811 863 775 884 814 812 782 893 849

18 to 19 years

1,375 1,552 1,622 1,443 1,629 1,598 1,637 1,614 1,715

20 years and over

79,349 80,637 80,636 79,324 80,240 80,134 80,225 80,405 80,660

20 to 24 years

7,157 7,031 7,019 7,210 7,149 6,990 7,162 7,087 7,093

25 years and over

72,192 73,606 73,617 72,102 73,126 73,106 73,020 73,341 73,528

25 to 54 years

53,178 53,957 54,032 53,084 53,673 53,599 53,569 53,796 53,942

25 to 34 years

18,650 19,196 19,205 18,617 19,054 19,007 19,121 19,171 19,212

35 to 44 years

17,347 17,704 17,698 17,300 17,691 17,642 17,509 17,619 17,658

45 to 54 years

17,181 17,056 17,128 17,167 16,928 16,950 16,939 17,005 17,071

55 years and over

19,014 19,650 19,585 19,018 19,453 19,507 19,451 19,546 19,586

Women, 16 years and over

72,645 73,900 73,982 72,251 73,281 72,997 73,317 73,659 73,576

16 to 19 years

2,482 2,630 2,544 2,586 2,683 2,468 2,661 2,751 2,658

16 to 17 years

983 1,077 1,032 1,044 1,001 958 983 1,063 1,068

18 to 19 years

1,499 1,553 1,512 1,552 1,687 1,512 1,656 1,679 1,592

20 years and over

70,163 71,270 71,438 69,665 70,598 70,529 70,656 70,909 70,917

20 to 24 years

6,806 6,835 6,880 6,772 6,979 6,851 6,864 6,815 6,854

25 years and over

63,357 64,436 64,557 62,906 63,636 63,643 63,836 64,165 64,075

25 to 54 years

46,645 47,332 47,242 46,322 46,744 46,677 46,747 47,108 46,903

25 to 34 years

16,171 16,606 16,573 16,074 16,390 16,309 16,379 16,527 16,467

35 to 44 years

14,969 15,313 15,260 14,846 14,998 14,994 14,979 15,234 15,130

45 to 54 years

15,504 15,413 15,408 15,402 15,355 15,374 15,388 15,347 15,306

55 years and over

16,712 17,104 17,316 16,584 16,892 16,966 17,089 17,057 17,172

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

45,581 46,354 46,164 45,621 45,751 45,858 45,966 46,228 46,242

Married women, spouse present(1)

36,151 36,278 36,521 35,844 35,986 36,070 35,984 36,040 36,179

Women who maintain families(2)

10,064 10,060 9,816 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

126,468 129,627 129,464 126,758 129,021 128,577 128,894 129,212 129,755

Part-time workers(4)

27,713 27,325 27,551 27,138 26,992 26,913 27,055 27,297 27,039

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,593 8,093 7,934 7,342 8,072 7,944 7,707 7,883 7,741

Percent of total employed

4.9 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.1 4.9 5.0 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

6,021 6,057 6,226 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,785 9,747 9,703 9,713 9,663 9,633 9,771 9,674 9,643

Footnotes
(1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

6,616 6,075 5,975 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7

16 to 19 years

929 712 712 15.9 13.1 12.8 12.8 11.9 12.0

16 to 17 years

455 235 291 19.1 13.6 13.4 13.8 10.7 13.2

18 to 19 years

506 492 435 14.4 12.5 12.2 11.9 13.0 11.6

20 years and over

5,688 5,363 5,263 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.4

20 to 24 years

1,075 1,010 970 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.5

25 years and over

4,638 4,335 4,305 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0

25 to 54 years

3,474 3,269 3,226 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1

25 to 34 years

1,545 1,350 1,375 4.3 3.5 4.1 3.5 3.6 3.7

35 to 44 years

1,023 1,010 983 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9

45 to 54 years

906 908 868 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6

55 years and over

1,144 1,073 1,081 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.9

Men, 16 years and over

3,555 3,243 3,106 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6

16 to 19 years

505 362 357 17.7 15.5 14.7 13.4 12.7 12.2

16 to 17 years

231 114 146 20.7 16.1 15.6 14.6 11.3 14.7

18 to 19 years

287 251 219 16.6 14.5 14.1 12.8 13.5 11.3

20 years and over

3,050 2,881 2,749 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.3

20 to 24 years

662 565 551 8.4 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.2

25 years and over

2,406 2,294 2,209 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.9

25 to 54 years

1,747 1,761 1,627 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 2.9

25 to 34 years

793 747 660 4.1 3.5 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.3

35 to 44 years

485 554 527 2.7 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.9

45 to 54 years

468 460 440 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.5

55 years and over

659 533 582 3.4 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9

Women, 16 years and over

3,061 2,832 2,869 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.8

16 to 19 years

424 350 355 14.1 10.9 10.8 12.2 11.3 11.8

16 to 17 years

224 121 145 17.7 11.4 11.5 13.1 10.2 11.9

18 to 19 years

219 241 216 12.4 10.5 10.0 11.0 12.6 11.9

20 years and over

2,637 2,482 2,514 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4

20 to 24 years

413 445 420 5.8 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.1 5.8

25 years and over

2,232 2,041 2,096 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.2

25 to 54 years

1,727 1,508 1,599 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.3

25 to 34 years

752 604 714 4.5 3.6 4.1 3.5 3.5 4.2

35 to 44 years

538 456 456 3.5 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.9

45 to 54 years

438 448 429 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.7

55 years and over

483 532 499 2.8 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.8

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

969 897 900 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9

Married women, spouse present(1)

833 836 870 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.3 2.3

Women who maintain families(2)

590 565 558 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.3 5.4

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

5,189 4,838 4,702 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5

Part-time workers(4)

1,421 1,241 1,268 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.5

Footnotes
(1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2,907 2,510 2,598 3,149 3,017 2,875 2,796 2,850 2,808

On temporary layoff

807 507 699 950 890 872 820 793 811

Not on temporary layoff

2,100 2,003 1,899 2,200 2,127 2,003 1,975 2,057 1,997

Permanent job losers

1,483 1,317 1,242 1,539 1,455 1,345 1,248 1,355 1,297

Persons who completed temporary jobs

617 686 657 661 672 658 727 701 700

Job leavers

757 746 699 739 844 862 730 726 704

Reentrants

1,978 1,951 1,829 2,025 1,799 1,846 1,877 1,906 1,869

New entrants

644 564 524 697 591 584 586 606 573

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

46.2 43.5 46.0 47.6 48.3 46.6 46.7 46.8 47.2

On temporary layoff

12.8 8.8 12.4 14.4 14.2 14.1 13.7 13.0 13.6

Not on temporary layoff

33.4 34.7 33.6 33.3 34.0 32.5 33.0 33.8 33.5

Job leavers

12.0 12.9 12.4 11.2 13.5 14.0 12.2 11.9 11.8

Reentrants

31.5 33.8 32.4 30.6 28.8 29.9 31.3 31.3 31.4

New entrants

10.2 9.8 9.3 10.5 9.5 9.5 9.8 10.0 9.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

1.8 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7

Job leavers

0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4

Reentrants

1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1

New entrants

0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,084 1,866 1,974 2,253 2,091 2,208 2,065 2,057 2,126

5 to 14 weeks

1,753 1,734 1,670 1,894 1,820 1,720 1,720 1,821 1,813

15 weeks and over

2,449 2,171 2,005 2,514 2,406 2,255 2,245 2,229 2,092

15 to 26 weeks

921 824 817 921 971 923 861 856 839

27 weeks and over

1,529 1,347 1,188 1,593 1,435 1,332 1,384 1,373 1,253

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

26.3 23.8 22.7 25.2 23.2 22.6 24.0 22.5 21.7

Median duration, in weeks

9.7 9.9 8.9 9.5 9.5 9.1 9.2 9.4 8.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

33.2 32.3 34.9 33.8 33.1 35.7 34.3 33.7 35.2

5 to 14 weeks

27.9 30.0 29.6 28.4 28.8 27.8 28.5 29.8 30.1

15 weeks and over

39.0 37.6 35.5 37.7 38.1 36.5 37.2 36.5 34.7

15 to 26 weeks

14.6 14.3 14.5 13.8 15.4 14.9 14.3 14.0 13.9

27 weeks and over

24.3 23.3 21.0 23.9 22.7 21.5 22.9 22.5 20.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018

Total, 16 years and over(1)

154,180 157,015 6,286 5,650 3.9 3.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

61,818 63,084 1,266 1,330 2.0 2.1

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

25,731 26,248 511 557 1.9 2.1

Professional and related occupations

36,087 36,836 755 773 2.0 2.1

Service occupations

26,376 26,724 1,368 1,154 4.9 4.1

Sales and office occupations

33,390 33,753 1,345 1,224 3.9 3.5

Sales and related occupations

15,748 15,995 670 620 4.1 3.7

Office and administrative support occupations

17,642 17,758 675 604 3.7 3.3

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14,667 14,819 789 677 5.1 4.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,213 1,185 96 129 7.4 9.8

Construction and extraction occupations

8,498 8,636 508 400 5.6 4.4

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,955 4,998 184 148 3.6 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

17,930 18,635 860 723 4.6 3.7

Production occupations

8,685 8,797 295 307 3.3 3.4

Transportation and material moving occupations

9,245 9,837 564 415 5.8 4.0

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018

Total, 16 years and over(1)

6,286 5,650 3.9 3.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

4,752 4,366 3.8 3.4

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

20 16 2.4 1.9

Construction

467 375 5.0 3.9

Manufacturing

409 465 2.6 2.9

Durable goods

236 273 2.4 2.7

Nondurable goods

173 192 2.9 3.2

Wholesale and retail trade

869 803 4.2 3.9

Transportation and utilities

252 256 3.7 3.7

Information

146 95 5.2 3.8

Financial activities

206 213 2.1 2.1

Professional and business services

689 618 4.0 3.6

Education and health services

596 563 2.5 2.3

Leisure and hospitality

882 729 6.6 5.3

Other services

216 231 3.2 3.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

125 126 7.2 6.7

Government workers

439 428 2.0 2.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

326 206 3.2 2.1

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2017
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
July
2018
Aug.
2018
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018
Nov.
2018

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.5 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.8 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

3.9 3.5 3.5 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.7

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

4.2 3.8 3.7 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

4.8 4.4 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.7

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

7.7 7.0 7.2 8.0 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.6

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018
Nov.
2017
Nov.
2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

95,483 96,043 38,764 39,163 56,719 56,880

Persons who currently want a job

4,877 5,060 2,261 2,460 2,616 2,600

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,481 1,678 770 946 710 731

Discouraged workers(2)

469 453 292 294 176 159

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,012 1,225 478 652 534 573

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,593 7,934 3,559 3,860 4,034 4,074

Percent of total employed

4.9 5.1 4.4 4.6 5.6 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

4,286 4,516 2,194 2,417 2,092 2,099

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,978 2,081 638 689 1,341 1,392

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

252 287 170 192 81 95

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,003 993 523 541 480 452

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)
Change from:
Oct.2018 - Nov.2018(p)

Total nonfarm

148,783 149,741 150,757 151,232 147,450 149,501 149,738 149,893 155

Total private

125,970 127,369 128,000 128,360 125,120 127,103 127,354 127,515 161

Goods-producing

20,342 21,027 21,056 20,952 20,246 20,787 20,840 20,869 29

Mining and logging

703 759 764 755 697 750 753 750 -3

Logging

50.6 48.7 48.1 47.2 49.3 47.2 47.0 46.4 -0.6

Mining

652.0 710.5 716.1 707.8 647.3 702.8 705.8 703.8 -2.0

Oil and gas extraction

146.9 152.6 153.2 154.0 146.0 152.4 153.0 153.4 0.4

Mining, except oil and gas

187.5 193.0 194.2 191.8 186.2 190.0 190.7 190.7 0.0

Coal mining

52.3 52.9 53.1 53.2 52.1 52.8 52.8 53.2 0.4

Metal ore mining

38.4 39.0 39.0 38.7 38.5 38.9 38.9 38.7 -0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

96.8 101.1 102.1 99.9 95.6 98.3 98.9 98.7 -0.2

Support activities for mining

317.6 364.9 368.7 362.0 315.1 360.4 362.1 359.7 -2.4

Construction

7,117 7,476 7,500 7,394 7,030 7,283 7,307 7,312 5

Construction of buildings

1,567.6 1,642.0 1,647.4 1,638.2 1,555.1 1,617.8 1,620.2 1,626.5 6.3

Residential building

765.0 812.8 817.9 819.2 758.1 801.6 805.8 812.9 7.1

Nonresidential building

802.6 829.2 829.5 819.0 797.0 816.2 814.4 813.6 -0.8

Heavy and civil engineering construction

1,005.9 1,092.7 1,093.3 1,049.5 984.5 1,025.7 1,028.8 1,029.0 0.2

Specialty trade contractors

4,543.3 4,741.5 4,759.5 4,705.9 4,490.0 4,639.4 4,658.3 4,656.1 -2.2

Residential specialty trade contractors

1,993.3 2,076.6 2,086.3 2,065.5 1,972.6 2,035.7 2,044.9 2,045.7 0.8

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,550.0 2,664.9 2,673.2 2,640.4 2,517.4 2,603.7 2,613.4 2,610.4 -3.0

Manufacturing

12,522 12,792 12,792 12,803 12,519 12,754 12,780 12,807 27

Durable goods

7,796 7,986 8,000 8,017 7,792 7,985 8,001 8,016 15

Wood products

396.8 408.6 409.1 408.5 395.6 407.9 408.1 408.8 0.7

Nonmetallic mineral products

416.4 425.6 425.9 425.7 413.0 421.5 421.7 422.8 1.1

Primary metals

374.6 381.8 381.8 384.3 375.2 382.9 382.5 385.3 2.8

Fabricated metal products

1,451.8 1,495.9 1,495.0 1,494.0 1,449.5 1,495.4 1,494.8 1,493.3 -1.5

Machinery

1,089.9 1,128.4 1,130.9 1,133.2 1,092.9 1,130.9 1,134.1 1,136.0 1.9

Computer and electronic products

1,050.8 1,068.3 1,069.2 1,073.1 1,052.5 1,070.0 1,071.1 1,074.3 3.2

Computer and peripheral equipment

165.1 170.3 170.7 172.3 165.0 170.5 171.0 171.8 0.8

Communications equipment

86.4 85.1 85.5 85.8 86.6 85.3 85.6 85.8 0.2

Semiconductors and electronic components

364.7 369.0 368.3 370.4 365.3 369.9 369.6 371.0 1.4

Electronic instruments

401.6 411.0 411.6 411.6 402.7 411.6 412.1 412.7 0.6

Miscellaneous computer and electronic products

33.0 32.9 33.1 33.0 32.9 32.7 32.8 33.0 0.2

Electrical equipment and appliances

394.0 409.0 407.9 409.6 394.2 408.5 408.7 410.1 1.4

Transportation equipment(1)

1,635.4 1,679.3 1,684.4 1,692.8 1,635.6 1,676.6 1,686.2 1,691.5 5.3

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

955.0 964.2 968.8 970.0 953.8 962.8 969.0 968.2 -0.8

Furniture and related products

391.1 390.7 391.3 390.8 391.7 391.3 391.2 392.0 0.8

Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

594.8 598.4 604.1 604.6 592.2 600.1 602.5 601.6 -0.9

Nondurable goods

4,726 4,806 4,792 4,786 4,727 4,769 4,779 4,791 12

Food manufacturing

1,614.8 1,667.5 1,655.2 1,647.4 1,616.5 1,640.8 1,646.8 1,651.7 4.9

Textile mills

111.8 111.9 111.1 112.0 111.7 111.8 111.2 111.8 0.6

Textile product mills

113.2 111.4 111.0 110.9 112.6 110.9 110.4 110.2 -0.2

Apparel

117.3 111.5 111.9 111.2 115.9 111.1 111.5 110.6 -0.9

Paper and paper products

369.9 378.1 377.0 378.5 370.2 379.3 378.7 379.4 0.7

Printing and related support activities

439.8 433.3 432.5 432.2 437.9 432.7 431.6 430.7 -0.9

Petroleum and coal products

115.9 119.9 119.0 114.6 115.2 116.6 116.0 114.5 -1.5

Chemicals

824.2 835.4 837.1 842.2 827.3 837.1 839.2 845.0 5.8

Plastics and rubber products

722.5 726.6 726.7 732.2 724.1 727.8 730.9 733.7 2.8

Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing

296.7 310.4 310.5 304.5 295.6 301.0 303.0 303.8 0.8

Private service-providing

105,628 106,342 106,944 107,408 104,874 106,316 106,514 106,646 132

Trade, transportation, and utilities

28,171 27,720 27,894 28,485 27,602 27,837 27,856 27,909 53

Wholesale trade

5,943.6 6,010.5 6,026.6 6,040.5 5,933.3 6,007.5 6,016.8 6,026.3 9.5

Durable goods

2,988.5 3,037.2 3,038.6 3,048.7 2,987.9 3,036.2 3,041.4 3,047.4 6.0

Nondurable goods

2,060.0 2,055.5 2,065.0 2,067.3 2,052.3 2,053.3 2,054.5 2,056.7 2.2

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

895.1 917.8 923.0 924.5 893.1 918.0 920.9 922.2 1.3

Retail trade

16,344.1 15,773.7 15,890.9 16,354.5 15,887.0 15,899.6 15,892.5 15,910.7 18.2

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

2,019.4 2,044.3 2,045.8 2,039.9 2,018.5 2,037.1 2,041.3 2,038.5 -2.8

Automobile dealers

1,303.7 1,314.9 1,314.3 1,311.4 1,301.6 1,310.7 1,310.5 1,309.4 -1.1

Other motor vehicle dealers

151.1 158.7 156.9 152.5 156.1 156.8 157.9 157.2 -0.7

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores

564.6 570.7 574.6 576.0 560.8 569.6 572.9 571.9 -1.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores

497.0 478.0 488.7 502.3 479.8 484.2 485.9 484.9 -1.0

Electronics and appliance stores

512.2 486.4 489.7 493.0 490.2 488.5 486.5 475.6 -10.9

Building material and garden supply stores

1,266.7 1,278.8 1,276.7 1,270.0 1,293.9 1,303.0 1,302.8 1,302.2 -0.6

Food and beverage stores

3,118.7 3,089.0 3,105.9 3,130.5 3,097.5 3,099.0 3,103.6 3,106.5 2.9

Health and personal care stores

1,081.2 1,047.7 1,056.1 1,078.9 1,066.0 1,058.4 1,059.3 1,061.5 2.2

Gasoline stations

938.4 944.0 939.5 944.6 934.9 940.7 938.5 940.9 2.4

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

1,478.8 1,327.2 1,342.2 1,452.9 1,353.4 1,353.6 1,352.0 1,337.9 -14.1

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

671.4 554.1 557.5 591.9 607.9 561.9 554.3 543.2 -11.1

General merchandise stores

3,325.0 3,102.4 3,150.0 3,380.8 3,149.0 3,147.9 3,148.1 3,187.4 39.3

Department stores

1,288.8 1,144.1 1,177.6 1,303.8 1,186.2 1,176.2 1,182.0 1,193.6 11.6

General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters

2,036.2 1,958.3 1,972.4 2,077.0 1,962.8 1,971.7 1,966.1 1,993.8 27.7

Miscellaneous store retailers

833.4 826.4 831.7 846.2 819.7 825.4 821.0 830.8 9.8

Nonstore retailers

601.9 595.4 607.1 623.5 576.2 599.9 599.2 601.3 2.1

Transportation and warehousing

5,329.9 5,385.9 5,424.6 5,537.6 5,227.5 5,378.2 5,393.9 5,419.3 25.4

Air transportation

497.6 506.7 505.7 502.8 499.3 505.6 505.6 504.8 -0.8

Rail transportation

212.6 215.6 215.6 215.6 212.4 215.2 215.0 215.0 0.0

Water transportation

64.7 66.4 66.0 64.4 65.4 65.2 65.5 65.2 -0.3

Truck transportation

1,467.3 1,507.2 1,504.3 1,503.1 1,456.7 1,488.7 1,488.5 1,493.0 4.5

Transit and ground passenger transportation

511.3 509.4 512.0 510.3 494.7 496.9 493.9 494.1 0.2

Pipeline transportation

47.9 46.9 47.0 46.2 48.0 46.8 46.9 46.4 -0.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

30.8 41.0 34.6 30.5 35.2 34.7 34.1 35.1 1.0

Support activities for transportation

698.2 714.5 720.5 724.1 696.9 714.3 717.6 722.8 5.2

Couriers and messengers

758.3 729.1 748.8 846.0 705.3 760.3 769.5 779.4 9.9

Warehousing and storage

1,041.2 1,049.1 1,070.1 1,094.6 1,013.6 1,050.5 1,057.3 1,063.5 6.2

Utilities

553.3 549.7 552.0 552.2 554.3 551.4 552.6 552.8 0.2

Information

2,799 2,752 2,773 2,778 2,780 2,759 2,767 2,759 -8

Publishing industries, except Internet

721.1 716.8 714.3 714.2 718.7 713.9 712.7 711.7 -1.0

Motion picture and sound recording industries

433.2 403.5 421.2 420.2 418.1 410.8 415.1 405.4 -9.7

Broadcasting, except Internet

265.1 264.5 263.6 264.2 263.7 262.9 262.1 262.6 0.5

Telecommunications

775.7 746.1 746.5 748.8 774.7 747.7 749.2 748.1 -1.1

Data processing, hosting and related services

320.5 325.7 328.3 328.3 320.6 327.0 328.0 329.1 1.1

Other information services

283.8 294.9 298.9 302.3 284.3 296.2 299.5 302.2 2.7

Financial activities

8,499 8,607 8,626 8,615 8,503 8,604 8,616 8,622 6

Finance and insurance

6,289.4 6,326.1 6,339.5 6,342.3 6,286.3 6,336.2 6,338.6 6,342.4 3.8

Monetary authorities - central bank

18.9 19.1 19.2 19.2 18.8 19.2 19.2 19.1 -0.1

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,654.0 2,661.5 2,662.8 2,655.4 2,655.4 2,664.8 2,665.2 2,658.9 -6.3

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,712.6 1,712.0 1,713.8 1,715.0 1,716.5 1,719.0 1,720.0 1,719.3 -0.7

Commercial banking

1,319.9 1,313.1 1,313.3 1,313.9 1,323.2 1,319.3 1,318.7 1,318.1 -0.6

Nondepository credit intermediation

628.0 634.4 632.6 625.9 625.9 630.6 629.3 625.1 -4.2

Activities related to credit intermediation

313.4 315.1 316.4 314.5 313.0 315.2 315.9 314.5 -1.4

Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts

949.2 969.1 970.9 976.0 949.0 971.5 970.3 976.6 6.3

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,667.3 2,676.4 2,686.6 2,691.7 2,663.1 2,680.7 2,683.9 2,687.8 3.9

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,209.4 2,281.2 2,286.2 2,272.8 2,216.6 2,267.8 2,276.9 2,279.1 2.2

Real estate

1,611.5 1,645.1 1,653.4 1,645.2 1,612.3 1,640.9 1,645.8 1,645.6 -0.2

Rental and leasing services

573.5 611.1 607.5 602.6 580.1 601.8 605.9 608.6 2.7

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

24.4 25.0 25.3 25.0 24.2 25.1 25.2 24.9 -0.3

Professional and business services

20,864 21,184 21,385 21,422 20,646 21,117 21,175 21,207 32

Professional and technical services

9,090.7 9,208.4 9,315.7 9,358.9 9,068.2 9,291.6 9,321.4 9,339.1 17.7

Legal services

1,138.5 1,132.4 1,141.4 1,137.7 1,135.8 1,137.9 1,138.1 1,135.7 -2.4

Accounting and bookkeeping services

966.4 952.7 968.7 993.3 987.3 1,013.5 1,017.0 1,015.6 -1.4

Architectural and engineering services

1,452.0 1,488.7 1,501.9 1,500.6 1,451.2 1,486.0 1,493.9 1,499.6 5.7

Specialized design services

141.0 140.0 140.1 142.1 139.2 140.0 139.0 140.0 1.0

Computer systems design and related services

2,073.4 2,108.7 2,140.2 2,151.6 2,060.4 2,121.5 2,131.8 2,139.4 7.6

Management and technical consulting services

1,436.0 1,463.2 1,484.5 1,489.7 1,419.9 1,465.7 1,470.2 1,473.8 3.6

Scientific research and development services

662.8 681.9 687.1 690.5 662.8 685.2 688.6 690.8 2.2

Advertising and related services

491.4 496.1 497.6 498.1 488.8 497.1 496.0 496.6 0.6

Other professional and technical services

729.2 744.7 754.2 755.3 722.7 744.8 746.7 747.6 0.9

Management of companies and enterprises

2,305.4 2,332.4 2,338.6 2,341.8 2,304.7 2,337.3 2,340.5 2,341.3 0.8

Administrative and waste services

9,468.0 9,643.6 9,730.4 9,721.1 9,272.8 9,488.5 9,512.8 9,527.0 14.2

Administrative and support services

9,052.5 9,206.6 9,293.1 9,285.5 8,856.2 9,054.1 9,076.9 9,090.5 13.6

Office administrative services

520.5 527.0 530.0 531.6 517.5 527.6 528.9 529.0 0.1

Facilities support services

155.1 159.1 159.6 157.8 154.2 157.5 158.0 157.3 -0.7

Employment services(1)

3,829.7 3,824.1 3,904.3 3,938.0 3,671.1 3,755.4 3,770.0 3,777.9 7.9

Temporary help services

3,144.8 3,122.3 3,199.1 3,233.2 2,999.1 3,060.1 3,076.6 3,084.9 8.3

Business support services

930.6 910.6 924.3 932.6 907.9 911.4 909.9 909.8 -0.1

Travel arrangement and reservation services

214.6 218.2 217.6 213.8 215.9 216.9 217.2 215.5 -1.7

Investigation and security services

930.3 952.9 950.9 952.4 922.5 944.2 944.9 946.0 1.1

Services to buildings and dwellings

2,144.2 2,269.0 2,258.7 2,216.4 2,136.4 2,197.3 2,205.2 2,209.6 4.4

Other support services

327.5 345.7 347.7 342.9 330.6 343.8 342.9 345.4 2.5

Waste management and remediation services

415.5 437.0 437.3 435.6 416.6 434.4 435.9 436.5 0.6

Education and health services

23,609 23,683 23,996 24,077 23,350 23,750 23,789 23,823 34

Educational services

3,894.7 3,707.5 3,900.8 3,921.4 3,696.9 3,742.6 3,736.7 3,730.3 -6.4

Health care and social assistance

19,713.8 19,975.5 20,094.7 20,155.9 19,653.5 20,007.6 20,052.3 20,092.4 40.1

Health care(3)

15,881.5 16,084.2 16,163.3 16,211.4 15,835.0 16,098.3 16,131.2 16,163.3 32.1

Ambulatory health care services

7,404.5 7,519.4 7,568.9 7,593.5 7,372.7 7,530.3 7,543.8 7,563.0 19.2

Offices of physicians

2,619.6 2,641.6 2,661.7 2,667.4 2,610.3 2,647.8 2,652.5 2,658.0 5.5

Offices of dentists

939.5 949.6 954.8 955.3 936.5 949.1 951.9 952.2 0.3

Offices of other health practitioners

906.9 930.8 942.9 948.5 901.8 935.9 940.9 943.3 2.4

Outpatient care centers

914.3 936.5 944.1 951.9 913.2 939.7 944.1 949.9 5.8

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

273.6 284.8 284.3 282.3 272.6 283.7 283.4 282.5 -0.9

Home health care services

1,440.0 1,468.7 1,478.6 1,484.7 1,429.0 1,467.9 1,470.2 1,474.2 4.0

Other ambulatory health care services

310.6 307.4 302.5 303.4 309.2 306.2 300.8 302.8 2.0

Hospitals

5,118.9 5,201.7 5,220.2 5,238.7 5,110.2 5,202.4 5,215.5 5,228.2 12.7

Nursing and residential care facilities

3,358.1 3,363.1 3,374.2 3,379.2 3,352.1 3,365.6 3,371.9 3,372.1 0.2

Nursing care facilities

1,626.0 1,611.0 1,615.9 1,620.5 1,621.9 1,611.7 1,614.0 1,614.9 0.9

Residential mental health facilities

632.7 636.4 636.8 636.1 632.6 637.3 637.2 636.3 -0.9

Community care facilities for the elderly

929.3 942.5 947.5 947.9 927.6 943.1 946.7 946.6 -0.1

Other residential care facilities

170.1 173.2 174.0 174.7 169.9 173.4 173.9 174.3 0.4

Social assistance

3,832.3 3,891.3 3,931.4 3,944.5 3,818.5 3,909.3 3,921.1 3,929.1 8.0

Individual and family services

2,369.8 2,434.1 2,457.2 2,469.3 2,366.5 2,449.5 2,458.5 2,466.8 8.3

Emergency and other relief services

169.6 174.3 175.4 176.7 170.3 175.1 176.2 176.9 0.7

Vocational rehabilitation services

344.2 346.0 348.0 347.8 343.9 346.8 348.3 347.6 -0.7

Child day care services

948.7 936.9 950.8 950.7 937.7 937.9 938.2 937.8 -0.4

Leisure and hospitality

15,877 16,531 16,384 16,157 16,176 16,373 16,429 16,444 15

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,172.2 2,413.2 2,355.6 2,230.5 2,343.7 2,369.3 2,392.0 2,393.1 1.1

Performing arts and spectator sports

477.4 512.5 530.4 499.0 494.0 502.5 518.3 513.8 -4.5

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

163.7 176.8 176.4 172.0 169.8 174.7 176.1 177.8 1.7

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

1,531.1 1,723.9 1,648.8 1,559.5 1,679.9 1,692.1 1,697.6 1,701.5 3.9

Accommodation and food services

13,704.9 14,117.8 14,028.2 13,926.5 13,832.6 14,003.9 14,037.2 14,051.2 14.0

Accommodation

1,955.2 2,078.8 2,024.9 1,968.6 2,013.3 2,035.4 2,035.9 2,028.7 -7.2

Food services and drinking places

11,749.7 12,039.0 12,003.3 11,957.9 11,819.3 11,968.5 12,001.3 12,022.5 21.2

Other services

5,809 5,865 5,886 5,874 5,817 5,876 5,882 5,882 0

Repair and maintenance

1,312.2 1,324.1 1,327.8 1,319.3 1,316.9 1,323.5 1,325.9 1,323.8 -2.1

Personal and laundry services

1,507.6 1,533.8 1,543.0 1,541.5 1,505.6 1,534.1 1,538.9 1,538.4 -0.5

Membership associations and organizations

2,989.1 3,007.0 3,015.2 3,012.8 2,994.7 3,018.2 3,017.5 3,020.0 2.5

Government

22,813 22,372 22,757 22,872 22,330 22,398 22,384 22,378 -6

Federal

2,796.0 2,802.0 2,799.0 2,802.0 2,803.0 2,799.0 2,801.0 2,804.0 3.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,182.2 2,197.8 2,195.2 2,187.4 2,186.8 2,191.6 2,193.9 2,191.8 -2.1

U.S. Postal Service

613.3 604.3 603.7 614.6 616.2 607.2 606.6 612.6 6.0

State government

5,316.0 5,193.0 5,289.0 5,302.0 5,129.0 5,145.0 5,128.0 5,115.0 -13.0

State government education

2,655.4 2,525.8 2,629.3 2,651.2 2,462.2 2,480.2 2,461.5 2,455.3 -6.2

State government, excluding education

2,660.9 2,667.1 2,659.8 2,651.0 2,667.1 2,665.1 2,666.0 2,659.7 -6.3

Local government

14,701.0 14,377.0 14,669.0 14,768.0 14,398.0 14,454.0 14,455.0 14,459.0 4.0

Local government education

8,283.7 7,893.0 8,214.2 8,301.0 7,934.0 7,960.6 7,958.4 7,956.4 -2.0

Local government, excluding education

6,416.9 6,484.0 6,454.4 6,466.7 6,464.4 6,493.2 6,496.8 6,502.4 5.6

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.5 34.4 34.5 34.4

Goods-producing

40.5 40.3 40.3 40.3

Mining and logging

45.5 45.8 45.8 45.8

Construction

39.1 38.9 38.9 38.8

Manufacturing

40.9 40.8 40.8 40.8

Durable goods

41.4 41.2 41.1 41.0

Nondurable goods

40.3 40.2 40.2 40.3

Private service-providing

33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.7 34.4 34.3 34.4

Wholesale trade

39.2 39.0 38.9 38.9

Retail trade

31.3 30.9 30.8 30.9

Transportation and warehousing

38.9 38.9 38.9 39.1

Utilities

42.1 42.3 42.1 42.3

Information

36.0 36.3 36.1 36.1

Financial activities

37.6 37.5 37.8 37.8

Professional and business services

36.1 36.1 36.1 36.1

Education and health services

32.9 33.0 33.0 32.9

Leisure and hospitality

26.1 26.0 26.1 26.0

Other services

31.7 31.8 31.9 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Durable goods

3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5

Nondurable goods

3.6 3.4 3.6 3.5

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)

Total private

$26.54 $27.25 $27.29 $27.35 $915.63 $937.40 $941.51 $940.84

Goods-producing

27.77 28.39 28.40 28.48 1,124.69 1,144.12 1,144.52 1,147.74

Mining and logging

32.23 33.05 32.87 32.97 1,466.47 1,513.69 1,505.45 1,510.03

Construction

29.20 30.17 30.21 30.28 1,141.72 1,173.61 1,175.17 1,174.86

Manufacturing

26.72 27.11 27.12 27.20 1,092.85 1,106.09 1,106.50 1,109.76

Durable goods

28.02 28.52 28.53 28.66 1,160.03 1,175.02 1,172.58 1,175.06

Nondurable goods

24.53 24.71 24.71 24.71 988.56 993.34 993.34 995.81

Private service-providing

26.25 26.98 27.03 27.08 874.13 898.43 900.10 901.76

Trade, transportation, and utilities

22.92 23.55 23.61 23.61 795.32 810.12 809.82 812.18

Wholesale trade

30.19 30.77 30.76 30.72 1,183.45 1,200.03 1,196.56 1,195.01

Retail trade

18.25 18.90 19.00 19.03 571.23 584.01 585.20 588.03

Transportation and warehousing

24.12 24.43 24.46 24.45 938.27 950.33 951.49 956.00

Utilities

39.55 41.06 40.92 40.89 1,665.06 1,736.84 1,722.73 1,729.65

Information

38.57 40.32 40.55 40.72 1,388.52 1,463.62 1,463.86 1,469.99

Financial activities

33.72 35.04 34.97 35.17 1,267.87 1,314.00 1,321.87 1,329.43

Professional and business services

31.87 32.69 32.74 32.81 1,150.51 1,180.11 1,181.91 1,184.44

Education and health services

26.58 27.10 27.17 27.20 874.48 894.30 896.61 894.88

Leisure and hospitality

15.63 16.08 16.14 16.19 407.94 418.08 421.25 420.94

Other services

24.17 24.50 24.55 24.58 766.19 779.10 783.15 784.10

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)
Percent change from:
Oct.
2018 - Nov.
2018(p)
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)
Percent change from:
Oct.
2018 - Nov.
2018(p)

Total private

108.3 109.7 110.3 110.1 -0.2 137.5 143.0 143.9 144.0 0.1

Goods-producing

93.4 95.4 95.7 95.8 0.1 117.3 122.5 122.8 123.3 0.4

Mining and logging

99.7 107.9 108.4 107.9 -0.5 129.0 143.2 143.0 142.9 -0.1

Construction

94.8 97.7 98.0 97.8 -0.2 120.2 128.0 128.6 128.7 0.1

Manufacturing

92.1 93.6 93.8 94.0 0.2 114.5 118.0 118.3 118.9 0.5

Durable goods

90.8 92.6 92.6 92.5 -0.1 113.0 117.3 117.3 117.8 0.4

Nondurable goods

95.1 95.7 95.9 96.4 0.5 118.4 120.0 120.2 120.8 0.5

Private service-providing

112.4 113.9 114.1 114.3 0.2 143.3 149.3 149.9 150.4 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

104.2 104.1 103.9 104.4 0.5 128.5 132.0 132.1 132.7 0.5

Wholesale trade

101.5 102.2 102.1 102.3 0.2 127.9 131.3 131.1 131.1 0.0

Retail trade

101.0 99.8 99.4 99.9 0.5 121.9 124.7 124.9 125.6 0.6

Transportation and warehousing

116.4 119.7 120.1 121.3 1.0 142.5 148.4 149.1 150.5 0.9

Utilities

101.0 100.9 100.7 101.2 0.5 131.9 136.9 136.1 136.7 0.4

Information

91.4 91.5 91.2 91.0 -0.2 125.5 131.3 131.7 131.9 0.2

Financial activities

104.7 105.7 106.7 106.7 0.0 137.7 144.4 145.5 146.4 0.6

Professional and business services

117.2 119.9 120.2 120.4 0.2 151.4 158.8 159.5 160.1 0.4

Education and health services

125.4 128.0 128.2 128.0 -0.2 160.4 166.8 167.6 167.5 -0.1

Leisure and hospitality

120.5 121.5 122.3 122.0 -0.2 151.9 157.6 159.3 159.3 0.0

Other services

106.3 107.7 108.2 108.2 0.0 140.8 144.7 145.6 145.7 0.1

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)

Total nonfarm

73,031 74,280 74,438 74,551 49.5 49.7 49.7 49.7

Total private

60,207 61,361 61,519 61,627 48.1 48.3 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing

4,452 4,621 4,639 4,658 22.0 22.2 22.3 22.3

Mining and logging

92 95 95 96 13.2 12.7 12.6 12.8

Construction

897 940 945 954 12.8 12.9 12.9 13.0

Manufacturing

3,463 3,586 3,599 3,608 27.7 28.1 28.2 28.2

Durable goods

1,828 1,897 1,904 1,910 23.5 23.8 23.8 23.8

Nondurable goods

1,635 1,689 1,695 1,698 34.6 35.4 35.5 35.4

Private service-providing

55,755 56,740 56,880 56,969 53.2 53.4 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

11,056 11,164 11,162 11,197 40.1 40.1 40.1 40.1

Wholesale trade

1,752.2 1,794.9 1,803.0 1,811.8 29.5 29.9 30.0 30.1

Retail trade

7,892.4 7,909.2 7,892.3 7,912.7 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.7

Transportation and warehousing

1,283.6 1,330.8 1,337.9 1,343.3 24.6 24.7 24.8 24.8

Utilities

127.6 128.7 128.7 129.2 23.0 23.3 23.3 23.4

Information

1,096 1,088 1,092 1,087 39.4 39.4 39.5 39.4

Financial activities

4,800 4,850 4,863 4,856 56.5 56.4 56.4 56.3

Professional and business services

9,313 9,558 9,613 9,614 45.1 45.3 45.4 45.3

Education and health services

17,964 18,323 18,354 18,396 76.9 77.1 77.2 77.2

Leisure and hospitality

8,447 8,628 8,661 8,681 52.2 52.7 52.7 52.8

Other services

3,079 3,129 3,135 3,138 52.9 53.3 53.3 53.3

Government

12,824 12,919 12,919 12,924 57.4 57.7 57.7 57.8

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)

Total private

103,119 104,697 104,899 104,974

Goods-producing

14,559 14,907 14,947 14,945

Mining and logging

511 555 562 557

Construction

5,255 5,411 5,423 5,413

Manufacturing

8,793 8,941 8,962 8,975

Durable goods

5,348 5,493 5,506 5,516

Nondurable goods

3,445 3,448 3,456 3,459

Private service-providing

88,560 89,790 89,952 90,029

Trade, transportation, and utilities

23,307 23,540 23,553 23,591

Wholesale trade

4,757.3 4,820.5 4,826.2 4,837.0

Retail trade

13,550.0 13,592.7 13,579.2 13,583.8

Transportation and warehousing

4,553.7 4,684.8 4,703.9 4,727.2

Utilities

445.5 442.1 443.7 443.3

Information

2,235 2,221 2,229 2,228

Financial activities

6,609 6,668 6,682 6,675

Professional and business services

16,840 17,236 17,290 17,307

Education and health services

20,511 20,860 20,884 20,898

Leisure and hospitality

14,250 14,398 14,441 14,455

Other services

4,808 4,867 4,873 4,875

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.7 33.7 33.7 33.7

Goods-producing

41.3 41.3 41.3 41.1

Mining and logging

46.6 46.2 46.3 45.7

Construction

39.6 39.6 39.5 39.3

Manufacturing

41.9 42.1 42.0 41.9

Durable goods

42.3 42.4 42.4 42.2

Nondurable goods

41.4 41.6 41.4 41.5

Private service-providing

32.5 32.4 32.4 32.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.0 33.9 33.9 33.9

Wholesale trade

39.2 38.8 38.8 38.9

Retail trade

30.4 30.4 30.3 30.4

Transportation and warehousing

38.4 38.2 38.2 38.2

Utilities

42.5 42.7 42.6 42.9

Information

35.6 35.6 35.5 35.5

Financial activities

36.9 37.0 37.1 37.1

Professional and business services

35.4 35.2 35.3 35.3

Education and health services

32.3 32.2 32.2 32.2

Leisure and hospitality

24.9 24.8 24.9 24.9

Other services

30.7 30.8 30.9 31.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5

Durable goods

4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7

Nondurable goods

4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)

Total private

$22.23 $22.82 $22.88 $22.95 $749.15 $769.03 $771.06 $773.42

Goods-producing

23.41 24.10 24.19 24.26 966.83 995.33 999.05 997.09

Mining and logging

27.47 28.88 28.84 28.96 1,280.10 1,334.26 1,335.29 1,323.47

Construction

26.99 27.91 28.03 28.12 1,068.80 1,105.24 1,107.19 1,105.12

Manufacturing

21.12 21.60 21.68 21.77 884.93 909.36 910.56 912.16

Durable goods

22.11 22.59 22.63 22.71 935.25 957.82 959.51 958.36

Nondurable goods

19.56 20.00 20.15 20.23 809.78 832.00 834.21 839.55

Private service-providing

21.99 22.55 22.60 22.67 714.68 730.62 732.24 736.78

Trade, transportation, and utilities

19.50 20.08 20.14 20.22 663.00 680.71 682.75 685.46

Wholesale trade

24.82 25.50 25.50 25.46 972.94 989.40 989.40 990.39

Retail trade

15.45 16.02 16.08 16.15 469.68 487.01 487.22 490.96

Transportation and warehousing

21.56 22.02 22.09 22.27 827.90 841.16 843.84 850.71

Utilities

36.10 37.07 36.95 37.24 1,534.25 1,582.89 1,574.07 1,597.60

Information

31.03 32.19 32.34 32.47 1,104.67 1,145.96 1,148.07 1,152.69

Financial activities

26.65 27.01 26.97 27.07 983.39 999.37 1,000.59 1,004.30

Professional and business services

26.22 26.91 26.95 27.03 928.19 947.23 951.34 954.16

Education and health services

23.23 23.73 23.78 23.85 750.33 764.11 765.72 767.97

Leisure and hospitality

13.52 14.00 14.06 14.11 336.65 347.20 350.09 351.34

Other services

20.41 20.73 20.77 20.80 626.59 638.48 641.79 644.80

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)
Percent change from:
Oct.
2018 - Nov.
2018(p)
Nov.
2017
Sept.
2018
Oct.
2018(p)
Nov.
2018(p)
Percent change from:
Oct.
2018 - Nov.
2018(p)

Total private

115.8 117.6 117.8 117.9 0.1 172.0 179.3 180.1 180.8 0.4

Goods-producing

91.9 94.1 94.3 93.9 -0.4 131.7 138.8 139.7 139.4 -0.2

Mining and logging

126.5 136.3 138.3 135.3 -2.2 202.2 228.9 231.9 227.8 -1.8

Construction

104.2 107.3 107.3 106.5 -0.7 151.9 161.7 162.3 161.7 -0.4

Manufacturing

84.6 86.4 86.4 86.3 -0.1 116.8 122.1 122.5 122.9 0.3

Durable goods

85.0 87.5 87.7 87.5 -0.2 117.4 123.4 124.0 124.0 0.0

Nondurable goods

84.0 84.5 84.3 84.6 0.4 116.2 119.4 120.0 120.9 0.8

Private service-providing

122.6 123.9 124.1 124.6 0.4 184.8 191.6 192.3 193.7 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

110.5 111.2 111.3 111.5 0.2 153.7 159.4 159.9 160.8 0.6

Wholesale trade

109.8 110.1 110.3 110.8 0.5 160.6 165.5 165.7 166.2 0.3

Retail trade

104.3 104.6 104.1 104.5 0.4 138.1 143.6 143.5 144.7 0.8

Transportation and warehousing

131.6 134.7 135.3 135.9 0.4 180.0 188.2 189.5 192.0 1.3

Utilities

96.8 96.5 96.7 97.3 0.6 145.9 149.4 149.1 151.2 1.4

Information

90.8 90.2 90.3 90.3 0.0 139.5 143.8 144.6 145.1 0.3

Financial activities

114.8 116.1 116.7 116.6 -0.1 188.2 193.0 193.6 194.2 0.3

Professional and business services

133.6 136.0 136.8 136.9 0.1 208.5 217.7 219.4 220.2 0.4

Education and health services

141.3 143.2 143.4 143.5 0.1 216.6 224.3 225.0 225.9 0.4

Leisure and hospitality

130.0 130.8 131.7 131.8 0.1 199.6 207.9 210.3 211.3 0.5

Other services

103.5 105.1 105.6 106.0 0.4 153.9 158.8 159.8 160.6 0.5

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Last Modified Date: December 07, 2018