Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until USDL-22-1761
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 2, 2022

Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 * cesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- AUGUST 2022

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 315,000 in August, and the unemployment rate
rose to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains
occurred in professional and business services, health care, and retail trade.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The
establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more
information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see
the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

In August, the unemployment rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 percent, and the
number of unemployed persons increased by 344,000 to 6.0 million. In July, these measures
had returned to their levels in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19)
pandemic. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent) and
Hispanics (4.5 percent) rose in August. The jobless rates for adult women (3.3 percent),
teenagers (10.4 percent), Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (6.4 percent), and Asians (2.8
percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers increased by 188,000 to 1.4
million in August. The number of persons on temporary layoff was virtually unchanged at
782,000. (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed
at 1.1 million in August. The long-term unemployed accounted for 18.8 percent of all
unemployed persons. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate increased by 0.3 percentage point over the month to
62.4 percent but is 1.0 percentage point below its February 2020 level. The employment-
population ratio was little changed at 60.1 percent in August and remains 1.1 percentage
points below its February 2020 value. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 4.1
million in August. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-
time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 361,000
to 5.5 million in August. This measure remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0
million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively
looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a
job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally
attached to the labor force, at 1.4 million, was little changed in August. These
individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the
prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were
available for them, numbered 366,000 in August, little changed from the prior month.
(See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In August, 6.5 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic,
down from 7.1 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who
teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey
specifically because of the pandemic.

In August, 1.9 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their
employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all or
worked fewer hours at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic.
This measure is down from 2.2 million in the previous month. Among those who reported in
August that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business,
21.5 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked,
little different from the previous month.

Among those not in the labor force in August, 523,000 persons were prevented from looking
for work due to the pandemic, little changed from the prior month. (To be counted as
unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on
temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey in May 2020 to
help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally
adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are
available online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.
(For more information about upcoming changes to these supplemental data, see the box note
at the end of this news release.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 315,000 in August. Nonfarm employment has
risen by 5.8 million over the past 12 months, as the labor market continued to recover
from the job losses of the pandemic-induced recession. This growth brings total nonfarm
employment 240,000 higher than its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In August,
notable job gains occurred in professional and business services, health care, and retail
trade. (See table B-1.)

Professional and business services added 68,000 jobs in August. Within the industry,
employment gains occurred in computer systems design and related services (+14,000),
management and technical consulting services (+13,000), architectural and engineering
services (+10,000), and scientific research and development services (+6,000), while
legal services lost jobs (-9,000). Over the past 12 months, professional and business
services has added 1.1 million jobs.

In August, health care employment rose by 48,000, with job gains in offices of
physicians (+15,000), hospitals (+15,000), and nursing and residential care facilities
(+12,000). Health care has added 412,000 jobs over the year. Despite this growth,
employment in health care is below its February 2020 level by 37,000, or 0.2 percent.

Retail trade added 44,000 jobs in August and 422,000 jobs over the past 12 months. In
August, employment increased in general merchandise stores (+15,000), food and beverage
stores (+15,000), health and personal care stores (+10,000), and building material and
garden supply stores (+7,000). Employment in furniture and home furnishings stores
continued to trend down (-3,000).

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in August (+22,000), with gains
concentrated in durable goods industries (+19,000). Manufacturing has added 461,000 jobs
over the year.

Employment in financial activities rose by 17,000 in August and by 200,000 over the year.

Employment in wholesale trade increased by 15,000 in August, returning to its February
2020 level. This industry has added 197,000 jobs over the year.

Mining employment rose by 6,000 in August, reflecting a gain in support activities for
mining (+7,000). Over the year, mining has added 68,000 jobs.

Employment in leisure and hospitality changed little in August (+31,000), following
average monthly gains of 90,000 in the first 7 months of the year. Employment in leisure
and hospitality is below its February 2020 level by 1.2 million, or 7.2 percent.

In August, employment showed little change in other major industries, including
construction, transportation and warehousing, information, other services, and
government.

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by
10 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $32.36. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings
have increased by 5.2 percent. In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector
production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 10 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $27.68.
(See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1
hour to 34.5 hours in August. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees
was little changed at 40.3 hours, and overtime held at 3.3 hours. The average workweek
for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1
hour to 33.9 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 105,000,
from +398,000 to +293,000, and the change for July was revised down by 2,000, from
+528,000 to +526,000. With these revisions, employment in June and July combined is
107,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional
reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday,
October 7, 2022, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

_______________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data |
| |
| The supplemental questions that BLS added to the household survey in May 2020 to |
| examine the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market will |
| be asked for the last time in September 2022. These questions ask whether people |
| teleworked or worked from home because of the pandemic; whether people were unable to |
| work because their employers closed or lost business due to the pandemic; whether |
| they were paid for that missed work; and whether the pandemic prevented job-seeking |
| activities. These questions have become less relevant than they were earlier in the |
| pandemic. The September 2022 Employment Situation news release published on October |
| 7, 2022, will be the last news release to contain data from these questions. |
| |
| To improve the relevancy of the supplemental pandemic-related questions, four new |
| questions that focus on telework will be asked starting in October 2022. These new |
| questions will ask whether people teleworked or worked from home during the survey |
| reference week; how many hours they teleworked; whether they teleworked prior to the |
| pandemic; and whether they teleworked more, less, or about the same as before the |
| pandemic. |
| |
| Because data from the new questions will take time to process and review, the |
| Household Survey Supplemental Data section of the Employment Situation news release |
| will be temporarily discontinued with the release of October data on November 4, |
| 2022. More information about the new questions, including future announcements about |
| the availability of data from these questions, will be available at |
| www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. |
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Change from: July 2022- Aug. 2022
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	261,611	263,835	264,012	264,184	172
Civilian labor force	161,505	164,023	163,960	164,746	786
Participation rate	61.7	62.2	62.1	62.4	0.3
Employed	153,167	158,111	158,290	158,732	442
Employment-population ratio	58.5	59.9	60.0	60.1	0.1
Unemployed	8,339	5,912	5,670	6,014	344
Unemployment rate	5.2	3.6	3.5	3.7	0.2
Not in labor force	100,106	99,812	100,051	99,438	-613

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	5.2	3.6	3.5	3.7	0.2
Adult men (20 years and over)	5.1	3.3	3.2	3.5	0.3
Adult women (20 years and over)	4.8	3.3	3.1	3.3	0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	11.3	11.0	11.5	10.4	-1.1
White	4.5	3.3	3.1	3.2	0.1
Black or African American	8.7	5.8	6.0	6.4	0.4
Asian	4.5	3.0	2.6	2.8	0.2
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	6.2	4.3	3.9	4.5	0.6

Total, 25 years and over	4.5	3.0	2.8	3.0	0.2
Less than a high school diploma	7.8	5.8	5.9	6.2	0.3
High school graduates, no college	5.9	3.6	3.6	4.2	0.6
Some college or associate degree	4.9	3.1	2.8	2.9	0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.7	2.1	2.0	1.9	-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	4,441	2,645	2,547	2,720	173
Job leavers	830	832	842	898	56
Reentrants	2,446	1,990	1,826	1,836	10
New entrants	514	464	460	440	-20

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,110	2,262	2,080	2,223	143
5 to 14 weeks	1,927	1,552	1,772	1,807	35
15 to 26 weeks	1,248	753	718	885	167
27 weeks and over	3,105	1,336	1,067	1,137	70

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	4,481	3,621	3,924	4,149	225
Slack work or business conditions	3,187	2,366	2,697	2,769	72
Could only find part-time work	1,017	914	910	979	69
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,330	20,602	21,103	21,044	-59

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,576	1,504	1,545	1,434	-111
Discouraged workers	389	364	424	366	-58
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	517	293	526	315
Total private	497	346	477	308
Goods-producing	48	43	66	45
Mining and logging	5	8	6	7
Construction	2	10	24	16
Manufacturing	41	25	36	22
Durable goods(1)	30	10	29	19
Motor vehicles and parts	14.8	1.7	3.6	-1.9
Nondurable goods	11	15	7	3
Private service-providing	449	303	411	263
Wholesale trade	5.4	10.0	15.1	15.1
Retail trade	36.6	22.3	29.1	44.0
Transportation and warehousing	31.9	15.9	24.6	4.8
Utilities	-1.8	0.2	1.0	0.6
Information	25	26	16	7
Financial activities	9	5	13	17
Professional and business services(1)	83	90	84	68
Temporary help services	5.7	6.5	8.5	11.6
Education and health services(1)	29	94	118	68
Health care and social assistance	13.9	82.0	93.7	61.5
Leisure and hospitality	202	43	95	31
Other services	29	-4	16	7
Government	20	-53	49	7

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	588	349	402	378
Total private	548	348	385	377

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.8	49.9	49.8
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.5	48.4
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.5	81.5	81.5	81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.7	34.5	34.6	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$30.76	$32.11	$32.26	$32.36
Average weekly earnings	$1,067.37	$1,107.80	$1,116.20	$1,116.42
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	108.7	112.4	113.1	113.0
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	0.0	0.6	-0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	159.9	172.5	174.4	174.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.4	0.4	1.1	0.3

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (256 industries)	67.6	71.1	69.7	62.1
Manufacturing (74 industries)	55.4	62.8	62.2	57.4
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 670,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	261,611	264,012	264,184	261,611	263,559	263,679	263,835	264,012	264,184
Civilian labor force	161,788	165,321	164,971	161,505	164,046	164,376	164,023	163,960	164,746
Participation rate	61.8	62.6	62.4	61.7	62.2	62.3	62.2	62.1	62.4
Employed	153,232	159,067	158,714	153,167	158,105	158,426	158,111	158,290	158,732
Employment-population ratio	58.6	60.2	60.1	58.5	60.0	60.1	59.9	60.0	60.1
Unemployed	8,556	6,255	6,256	8,339	5,941	5,950	5,912	5,670	6,014
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.8	3.8	5.2	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.7
Not in labor force	99,823	98,690	99,213	100,106	99,513	99,302	99,812	100,051	99,438
Persons who currently want a job	5,810	6,224	5,633	5,701	5,859	5,681	5,656	5,910	5,549

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,570	128,636	128,722	126,570	128,411	128,470	128,547	128,636	128,722
Civilian labor force	86,074	88,052	87,649	85,656	87,377	87,366	87,213	86,936	87,335
Participation rate	68.0	68.5	68.1	67.7	68.0	68.0	67.8	67.6	67.8
Employed	81,670	84,953	84,504	81,102	84,089	84,218	84,061	83,891	84,045
Employment-population ratio	64.5	66.0	65.6	64.1	65.5	65.6	65.4	65.2	65.3
Unemployed	4,404	3,098	3,145	4,554	3,288	3,148	3,152	3,046	3,290
Unemployment rate	5.1	3.5	3.6	5.3	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.8
Not in labor force	40,496	40,584	41,072	40,914	41,034	41,104	41,334	41,700	41,387

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	118,261	119,977	120,058	118,261	119,780	119,831	119,899	119,977	120,058
Civilian labor force	82,817	84,270	84,180	82,672	84,295	84,249	84,040	83,857	84,158
Participation rate	70.0	70.2	70.1	69.9	70.4	70.3	70.1	69.9	70.1
Employed	78,783	81,610	81,401	78,480	81,334	81,422	81,242	81,164	81,225
Employment-population ratio	66.6	68.0	67.8	66.4	67.9	67.9	67.8	67.7	67.7
Unemployed	4,034	2,660	2,780	4,192	2,961	2,827	2,797	2,692	2,934
Unemployment rate	4.9	3.2	3.3	5.1	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.5
Not in labor force	35,444	35,707	35,878	35,590	35,486	35,582	35,859	36,120	35,900

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	135,041	135,376	135,462	135,041	135,148	135,209	135,287	135,376	135,462
Civilian labor force	75,714	77,270	77,321	75,849	76,670	77,010	76,809	77,024	77,410
Participation rate	56.1	57.1	57.1	56.2	56.7	57.0	56.8	56.9	57.1
Employed	71,562	74,114	74,210	72,065	74,017	74,208	74,050	74,399	74,687
Employment-population ratio	53.0	54.7	54.8	53.4	54.8	54.9	54.7	55.0	55.1
Unemployed	4,152	3,156	3,111	3,784	2,653	2,802	2,760	2,625	2,724
Unemployment rate	5.5	4.1	4.0	5.0	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.5
Not in labor force	59,327	58,106	58,141	59,191	58,479	58,199	58,478	58,351	58,052

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,906	126,951	127,034	126,906	126,749	126,802	126,872	126,951	127,034
Civilian labor force	72,571	73,607	73,850	72,862	73,514	73,911	73,741	73,988	74,140
Participation rate	57.2	58.0	58.1	57.4	58.0	58.3	58.1	58.3	58.4
Employed	68,746	70,900	71,067	69,390	71,170	71,432	71,311	71,710	71,729
Employment-population ratio	54.2	55.8	55.9	54.7	56.2	56.3	56.2	56.5	56.5
Unemployed	3,825	2,708	2,783	3,472	2,344	2,479	2,430	2,278	2,411
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.7	3.8	4.8	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.3
Not in labor force	54,335	53,344	53,185	54,044	53,234	52,891	53,131	52,963	52,895

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,443	17,084	17,091	16,443	17,030	17,046	17,064	17,084	17,091
Civilian labor force	6,400	7,444	6,940	5,971	6,237	6,216	6,242	6,116	6,447
Participation rate	38.9	43.6	40.6	36.3	36.6	36.5	36.6	35.8	37.7
Employed	5,702	6,557	6,247	5,297	5,601	5,571	5,558	5,415	5,778
Employment-population ratio	34.7	38.4	36.5	32.2	32.9	32.7	32.6	31.7	33.8
Unemployed	697	887	694	675	636	645	685	700	669
Unemployment rate	10.9	11.9	10.0	11.3	10.2	10.4	11.0	11.5	10.4
Not in labor force	10,044	9,640	10,151	10,472	10,793	10,830	10,822	10,968	10,644
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	201,968	203,229	203,324	201,968	202,982	203,039	203,125	203,229	203,324
Civilian labor force	124,329	126,611	126,264	124,207	125,664	125,772	125,706	125,705	126,172
Participation rate	61.6	62.3	62.1	61.5	61.9	61.9	61.9	61.9	62.1
Employed	118,601	122,376	122,115	118,557	121,606	121,724	121,587	121,822	122,129
Employment-population ratio	58.7	60.2	60.1	58.7	59.9	60.0	59.9	59.9	60.1
Unemployed	5,728	4,235	4,148	5,650	4,058	4,048	4,119	3,884	4,043
Unemployment rate	4.6	3.3	3.3	4.5	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2
Not in labor force	77,639	76,618	77,061	77,760	77,319	77,267	77,419	77,524	77,152
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,844	65,662	65,545	64,814	65,540	65,653	65,556	65,430	65,600
Participation rate	70.0	70.0	69.9	69.9	70.0	70.1	70.0	69.8	69.9
Employed	62,142	63,763	63,660	61,944	63,521	63,620	63,529	63,464	63,553
Employment-population ratio	67.1	68.0	67.9	66.9	67.8	67.9	67.8	67.7	67.7
Unemployed	2,702	1,899	1,885	2,870	2,020	2,033	2,027	1,966	2,048
Unemployment rate	4.2	2.9	2.9	4.4	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,494	55,243	55,399	54,764	55,215	55,315	55,318	55,565	55,661
Participation rate	56.0	57.0	57.1	56.3	57.0	57.1	57.1	57.3	57.4
Employed	51,930	53,489	53,608	52,432	53,656	53,731	53,727	54,123	54,125
Employment-population ratio	53.4	55.2	55.3	53.9	55.4	55.5	55.4	55.8	55.8
Unemployed	2,564	1,754	1,791	2,332	1,559	1,583	1,591	1,442	1,535
Unemployment rate	4.7	3.2	3.2	4.3	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.6	2.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,991	5,706	5,320	4,629	4,909	4,804	4,832	4,711	4,911
Participation rate	41.4	45.7	42.6	38.4	39.4	38.5	38.7	37.7	39.3
Employed	4,530	5,124	4,848	4,181	4,429	4,373	4,331	4,235	4,451
Employment-population ratio	37.6	41.0	38.8	34.7	35.5	35.1	34.7	33.9	35.6
Unemployed	462	582	472	448	480	431	501	476	460
Unemployment rate	9.2	10.2	8.9	9.7	9.8	9.0	10.4	10.1	9.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,645	34,138	34,171	33,645	34,055	34,079	34,107	34,138	34,171
Civilian labor force	20,823	21,418	21,259	20,681	21,209	21,475	21,213	21,174	21,123
Participation rate	61.9	62.7	62.2	61.5	62.3	63.0	62.2	62.0	61.8
Employed	18,934	20,027	19,824	18,879	19,963	20,141	19,975	19,907	19,776
Employment-population ratio	56.3	58.7	58.0	56.1	58.6	59.1	58.6	58.3	57.9
Unemployed	1,889	1,391	1,436	1,803	1,246	1,335	1,238	1,268	1,347
Unemployment rate	9.1	6.5	6.8	8.7	5.9	6.2	5.8	6.0	6.4
Not in labor force	12,822	12,720	12,912	12,964	12,846	12,604	12,895	12,964	13,048
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,544	9,853	9,777	9,471	9,969	9,983	9,866	9,764	9,707
Participation rate	67.1	67.9	67.3	66.6	68.9	68.9	68.1	67.3	66.8
Employed	8,700	9,297	9,199	8,616	9,360	9,416	9,342	9,212	9,125
Employment-population ratio	61.2	64.1	63.3	60.6	64.7	65.0	64.4	63.5	62.8
Unemployed	844	556	578	855	608	566	524	552	582
Unemployment rate	8.8	5.6	5.9	9.0	6.1	5.7	5.3	5.7	6.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,495	10,664	10,654	10,472	10,555	10,731	10,628	10,688	10,643
Participation rate	61.6	62.2	62.1	61.5	61.7	62.7	62.0	62.3	62.0
Employed	9,589	10,032	9,947	9,653	10,022	10,102	10,030	10,119	10,018
Employment-population ratio	56.3	58.5	58.0	56.7	58.6	59.0	58.6	59.0	58.4
Unemployed	906	632	707	819	533	629	598	569	625
Unemployment rate	8.6	5.9	6.6	7.8	5.0	5.9	5.6	5.3	5.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	784	901	829	738	686	762	719	722	773
Participation rate	32.9	36.3	33.3	30.9	27.7	30.8	29.0	29.1	31.1
Employed	646	698	678	609	581	622	603	576	634
Employment-population ratio	27.1	28.1	27.3	25.5	23.5	25.1	24.3	23.2	25.5
Unemployed	138	203	151	129	104	140	116	146	140
Unemployment rate	17.6	22.6	18.2	17.4	15.2	18.3	16.1	20.3	18.1

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,555	16,920	16,989	16,555	16,826	16,815	16,910	16,920	16,989
Civilian labor force	10,672	11,050	11,166	10,610	10,837	10,912	10,894	10,980	11,096
Participation rate	64.5	65.3	65.7	64.1	64.4	64.9	64.4	64.9	65.3
Employed	10,181	10,731	10,841	10,135	10,504	10,651	10,565	10,693	10,790
Employment-population ratio	61.5	63.4	63.8	61.2	62.4	63.3	62.5	63.2	63.5
Unemployed	492	319	326	476	333	261	330	287	307
Unemployment rate	4.6	2.9	2.9	4.5	3.1	2.4	3.0	2.6	2.8
Not in labor force	5,883	5,870	5,823	5,945	5,989	5,903	6,016	5,940	5,893
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	45,004	46,200	46,287	45,004	45,963	46,039	46,119	46,200	46,287
Civilian labor force	29,449	30,455	30,920	29,481	30,376	30,610	30,670	30,363	30,918
Participation rate	65.4	65.9	66.8	65.5	66.1	66.5	66.5	65.7	66.8
Employed	27,635	29,191	29,498	27,666	29,121	29,279	29,364	29,170	29,539
Employment-population ratio	61.4	63.2	63.7	61.5	63.4	63.6	63.7	63.1	63.8
Unemployed	1,814	1,265	1,422	1,815	1,255	1,331	1,306	1,193	1,379
Unemployment rate	6.2	4.2	4.6	6.2	4.1	4.3	4.3	3.9	4.5
Not in labor force	15,555	15,745	15,367	15,523	15,587	15,429	15,449	15,837	15,369
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	16,239	16,450	16,651	16,230	16,604	16,717	16,743	16,452	16,625
Participation rate	79.8	78.6	79.4	79.8	79.7	80.1	80.1	78.6	79.3
Employed	15,374	15,911	15,998	15,327	15,989	16,152	16,170	15,870	15,976
Employment-population ratio	75.6	76.0	76.3	75.4	76.8	77.4	77.4	75.8	76.2
Unemployed	865	540	653	904	615	566	573	581	649
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.3	3.9	5.6	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,902	12,433	12,746	11,977	12,331	12,466	12,486	12,515	12,812
Participation rate	57.7	59.2	60.6	58.1	59.0	59.6	59.6	59.6	60.9
Employed	11,160	11,992	12,177	11,255	11,857	11,876	11,926	12,113	12,264
Employment-population ratio	54.1	57.1	57.9	54.6	56.8	56.8	56.9	57.7	58.3
Unemployed	742	441	569	722	474	591	560	402	547
Unemployment rate	6.2	3.5	4.5	6.0	3.8	4.7	4.5	3.2	4.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,308	1,572	1,524	1,273	1,441	1,427	1,441	1,397	1,482
Participation rate	32.3	36.8	35.6	31.4	34.0	33.5	33.8	32.7	34.6
Employed	1,101	1,288	1,323	1,084	1,275	1,252	1,268	1,187	1,299
Employment-population ratio	27.2	30.1	30.9	26.7	30.1	29.4	29.7	27.8	30.3
Unemployed	207	284	201	190	165	175	173	210	183
Unemployment rate	15.8	18.1	13.2	14.9	11.5	12.2	12.0	15.0	12.3
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	9,188	8,739	8,623	9,185	9,207	9,194	9,210	8,924	8,646
Participation rate	45.9	45.3	45.2	45.9	44.4	44.0	44.7	46.2	45.4
Employed	8,542	8,248	8,153	8,469	8,713	8,719	8,680	8,398	8,110
Employment-population ratio	42.7	42.7	42.8	42.3	42.0	41.8	42.2	43.5	42.5
Unemployed	646	491	469	716	494	475	530	526	536
Unemployment rate	7.0	5.6	5.4	7.8	5.4	5.2	5.8	5.9	6.2

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,571	35,154	35,903	35,409	36,464	36,118	35,985	35,386	35,798
Participation rate	55.7	55.8	56.6	55.4	56.8	56.8	56.8	56.1	56.4
Employed	33,473	33,890	34,354	33,337	35,064	34,760	34,679	34,113	34,284
Employment-population ratio	52.4	53.8	54.1	52.2	54.6	54.7	54.8	54.1	54.0
Unemployed	2,098	1,264	1,549	2,072	1,401	1,358	1,305	1,273	1,514
Unemployment rate	5.9	3.6	4.3	5.9	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.6	4.2

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,502	35,489	35,262	35,757	35,540	35,787	35,707	35,575	35,586
Participation rate	63.0	62.4	62.4	63.5	63.4	63.5	62.6	62.6	63.0
Employed	33,611	34,416	34,147	34,000	34,445	34,565	34,585	34,563	34,538
Employment-population ratio	59.7	60.5	60.5	60.4	61.4	61.3	60.6	60.8	61.2
Unemployed	1,890	1,072	1,115	1,757	1,095	1,222	1,122	1,012	1,048
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.0	3.2	4.9	3.1	3.4	3.1	2.8	2.9

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	60,321	62,997	63,343	60,736	61,705	62,295	62,098	63,380	63,701
Participation rate	71.7	72.5	72.6	72.2	72.9	73.3	73.1	73.0	73.1
Employed	58,441	61,521	61,949	59,074	60,459	61,078	60,800	62,094	62,519
Employment-population ratio	69.5	70.8	71.0	70.2	71.5	71.9	71.6	71.5	71.7
Unemployed	1,880	1,476	1,394	1,662	1,247	1,217	1,297	1,286	1,182
Unemployment rate	3.1	2.3	2.2	2.7	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.9
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,037	18,336	16,119	16,306	1,918	2,030
Civilian labor force	8,443	8,745	7,335	7,530	1,108	1,214
Participation rate	46.8	47.7	45.5	46.2	57.8	59.8
Employed	8,141	8,538	7,068	7,355	1,073	1,182
Employment-population ratio	45.1	46.6	43.8	45.1	55.9	58.2
Unemployed	303	207	267	175	35	32
Unemployment rate	3.6	2.4	3.6	2.3	3.2	2.6
Not in labor force	9,594	9,591	8,784	8,776	810	816

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,625	4,921	3,833	4,045	792	875
Civilian labor force	3,579	3,863	3,005	3,210	574	652
Participation rate	77.4	78.5	78.4	79.4	72.5	74.5
Employed	3,466	3,791	2,905	3,151	562	639
Employment-population ratio	75.0	77.0	75.8	77.9	71.0	73.0
Unemployed	112	72	100	59	12	13
Unemployment rate	3.1	1.9	3.3	1.8	2.1	2.0
Not in labor force	1,046	1,058	828	835	218	223

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,086	3,236	2,579	2,738	507	499
Civilian labor force	2,228	2,295	1,913	1,973	314	322
Participation rate	72.2	70.9	74.2	72.1	62.0	64.5
Employed	2,154	2,248	1,850	1,933	304	315
Employment-population ratio	69.8	69.5	71.7	70.6	59.9	63.2
Unemployed	74	47	63	40	10	7
Unemployment rate	3.3	2.0	3.3	2.0	3.3	2.0
Not in labor force	859	941	666	765	193	177

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,391	6,202	6,166	5,955	225	247
Civilian labor force	1,017	901	964	843	54	58
Participation rate	15.9	14.5	15.6	14.2	23.9	23.5
Employed	975	857	926	799	49	58
Employment-population ratio	15.3	13.8	15.0	13.4	21.6	23.5
Unemployed	43	44	38	44	5	0
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.9	3.9	5.3	-	-
Not in labor force	5,374	5,301	5,202	5,112	171	189

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,935	3,977	3,541	3,568	394	409
Civilian labor force	1,620	1,686	1,454	1,504	166	182
Participation rate	41.2	42.4	41.1	42.2	42.1	44.5
Employed	1,546	1,642	1,388	1,472	158	170
Employment-population ratio	39.3	41.3	39.2	41.3	40.1	41.5
Unemployed	74	44	66	32	8	12
Unemployment rate	4.6	2.6	4.5	2.1	4.7	6.8
Not in labor force	2,315	2,291	2,087	2,064	228	227

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	234,885	236,620	106,117	107,727	128,768	128,893
Civilian labor force	150,808	153,429	77,539	78,796	73,269	74,634
Participation rate	64.2	64.8	73.1	73.1	56.9	57.9
Employed	142,825	147,631	73,517	75,961	69,308	71,670
Employment-population ratio	60.8	62.4	69.3	70.5	53.8	55.6
Unemployed	7,983	5,799	4,023	2,835	3,961	2,963
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.8	5.2	3.6	5.4	4.0
Not in labor force	84,077	83,190	28,578	28,931	55,499	54,260
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	31,258	32,316	230,353	231,868
Civilian labor force	6,738	7,283	155,050	157,687
Participation rate	21.6	22.5	67.3	68.0
Employed	6,004	6,721	147,228	151,993
Employment-population ratio	19.2	20.8	63.9	65.6
Unemployed	734	562	7,823	5,694
Unemployment rate	10.9	7.7	5.0	3.6
Not in labor force	24,520	25,033	75,303	74,180

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,938	2,962	77,166	78,559
Participation rate	38.3	37.5	82.5	82.8
Employed	2,587	2,725	73,364	75,850
Employment-population ratio	33.7	34.5	78.5	80.0
Unemployed	351	237	3,802	2,708
Unemployment rate	12.0	8.0	4.9	3.4
Not in labor force	4,738	4,944	16,326	16,293

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,633	3,101	68,393	69,489
Participation rate	33.0	37.8	71.2	72.2
Employed	2,345	2,858	64,775	66,773
Employment-population ratio	29.4	34.8	67.5	69.4
Unemployed	289	243	3,617	2,716
Unemployment rate	11.0	7.8	5.3	3.9
Not in labor force	5,347	5,107	27,631	26,744

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,166	1,220	9,491	9,640
Participation rate	7.5	7.5	23.2	23.6
Employed	1,073	1,138	9,088	9,370
Employment-population ratio	6.9	7.0	22.3	23.0
Unemployed	94	82	403	269
Unemployment rate	8.0	6.7	4.2	2.8
Not in labor force	14,435	14,982	31,345	31,143
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	42,890	44,860	20,760	21,778	22,129	23,082
Civilian labor force	27,916	29,817	16,072	17,034	11,845	12,783
Participation rate	65.1	66.5	77.4	78.2	53.5	55.4
Employed	26,453	28,654	15,285	16,438	11,168	12,216
Employment-population ratio	61.7	63.9	73.6	75.5	50.5	52.9
Unemployed	1,464	1,163	787	596	677	567
Unemployment rate	5.2	3.9	4.9	3.5	5.7	4.4
Not in labor force	14,973	15,043	4,688	4,744	10,285	10,299

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,721	219,324	105,810	106,944	112,912	112,380
Civilian labor force	133,872	135,153	70,002	70,616	63,870	64,538
Participation rate	61.2	61.6	66.2	66.0	56.6	57.4
Employed	126,779	130,060	66,385	68,066	60,394	61,994
Employment-population ratio	58.0	59.3	62.7	63.6	53.5	55.2
Unemployed	7,092	5,093	3,617	2,549	3,475	2,544
Unemployment rate	5.3	3.8	5.2	3.6	5.4	3.9
Not in labor force	84,850	84,170	35,808	36,328	49,042	47,842
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,385	2,562	2,207	2,307	2,349	2,355	2,308	2,429	2,178
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,606	1,724	1,503	1,575	1,505	1,553	1,520	1,621	1,491
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	744	785	671	712	800	776	747	752	645
Unpaid family workers	34	53	32	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	150,847	156,505	156,507	151,146	155,729	156,183	156,114	156,002	156,931
Wage and salary workers(1)	141,181	147,354	147,362	141,225	146,638	146,455	146,346	146,627	147,397
Government	20,277	20,462	20,744	20,762	20,948	20,885	20,601	21,272	21,220
Private industries	120,904	126,892	126,618	120,347	125,371	125,619	125,767	125,421	126,111
Private households	733	729	777	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	120,171	126,163	125,840	119,652	124,658	124,955	125,210	124,799	125,441
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,607	9,108	9,081	9,496	9,086	9,291	9,255	8,971	8,985
Unpaid family workers	60	43	64	-	-	-	-	-	-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,385	4,084	4,060	4,481	4,033	4,328	3,621	3,924	4,149
Slack work or business conditions	3,087	2,726	2,673	3,187	2,647	2,996	2,366	2,697	2,769
Could only find part-time work	958	938	932	1,017	1,071	999	914	910	979
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,871	19,792	19,618	20,330	20,826	20,806	20,602	21,103	21,044
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	4,309	4,067	3,996	4,395	3,996	4,235	3,694	3,888	4,075
Slack work or business conditions	3,029	2,715	2,630	3,131	2,617	2,927	2,345	2,676	2,727
Could only find part-time work	943	933	914	1,006	1,064	988	912	909	966
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,557	19,367	19,333	19,986	20,435	20,438	20,180	20,675	20,710
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	153,232	159,067	158,714	153,167	158,105	158,426	158,111	158,290	158,732
16 to 19 years	5,702	6,557	6,247	5,297	5,601	5,571	5,558	5,415	5,778
16 to 17 years	2,266	2,557	2,546	2,006	2,316	2,194	2,114	2,076	2,255
18 to 19 years	3,436	4,000	3,701	3,248	3,307	3,396	3,443	3,343	3,485
20 years and over	147,530	152,510	152,468	147,870	152,504	152,855	152,554	152,875	152,953
20 to 24 years	13,462	14,435	13,864	13,265	13,673	13,768	13,852	13,902	13,670
25 years and over	134,068	138,075	138,604	134,693	138,737	139,047	138,603	138,969	139,259
25 to 54 years	97,881	101,049	101,645	98,298	101,605	101,734	101,495	101,686	102,053
25 to 34 years	34,575	35,190	35,362	34,753	35,472	35,569	35,437	35,436	35,555
35 to 44 years	32,828	34,422	34,592	32,919	34,612	34,675	34,508	34,616	34,694
45 to 54 years	30,479	31,436	31,691	30,626	31,522	31,490	31,550	31,634	31,804
55 years and over	36,186	37,027	36,959	36,395	37,132	37,313	37,108	37,283	37,206

Men, 16 years and over	81,670	84,953	84,504	81,102	84,089	84,218	84,061	83,891	84,045
16 to 19 years	2,887	3,343	3,103	2,622	2,754	2,795	2,819	2,726	2,820
16 to 17 years	1,085	1,241	1,188	940	1,097	1,054	1,046	988	1,036
18 to 19 years	1,802	2,102	1,915	1,653	1,662	1,748	1,769	1,742	1,761
20 years and over	78,783	81,610	81,401	78,480	81,334	81,422	81,242	81,164	81,225
20 to 24 years	6,982	7,390	7,096	6,793	6,958	7,009	7,081	7,022	6,900
25 years and over	71,801	74,221	74,305	71,699	74,340	74,406	74,052	74,151	74,233
25 to 54 years	52,406	54,256	54,246	52,342	54,259	54,258	54,161	54,190	54,193
25 to 34 years	18,523	18,715	18,731	18,539	18,851	18,830	18,842	18,740	18,767
35 to 44 years	17,741	18,685	18,700	17,693	18,605	18,628	18,492	18,631	18,651
45 to 54 years	16,142	16,855	16,816	16,110	16,803	16,800	16,828	16,819	16,776
55 years and over	19,395	19,965	20,059	19,357	20,081	20,147	19,890	19,961	20,040

Women, 16 years and over	71,562	74,114	74,210	72,065	74,017	74,208	74,050	74,399	74,687
16 to 19 years	2,816	3,214	3,143	2,675	2,847	2,776	2,739	2,689	2,958
16 to 17 years	1,181	1,316	1,358	1,066	1,219	1,140	1,067	1,088	1,219
18 to 19 years	1,635	1,897	1,786	1,595	1,645	1,648	1,674	1,601	1,724
20 years and over	68,746	70,900	71,067	69,390	71,170	71,432	71,311	71,710	71,729
20 to 24 years	6,480	7,046	6,768	6,472	6,715	6,759	6,771	6,880	6,770
25 years and over	62,266	63,854	64,299	62,993	64,397	64,641	64,551	64,818	65,026
25 to 54 years	45,476	46,793	47,399	45,956	47,346	47,475	47,334	47,496	47,860
25 to 34 years	16,052	16,475	16,631	16,215	16,621	16,739	16,595	16,696	16,789
35 to 44 years	15,087	15,737	15,892	15,225	16,007	16,047	16,016	15,986	16,044
45 to 54 years	14,337	14,581	14,876	14,516	14,718	14,690	14,722	14,814	15,028
55 years and over	16,791	17,061	16,900	17,038	17,051	17,165	17,218	17,322	17,165

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	43,637	45,240	45,365	43,681	45,259	45,306	45,222	45,449	45,422
Married women, spouse present(1)	34,485	36,203	36,249	35,068	35,999	36,356	36,526	36,954	36,828
Women who maintain families(2)	9,642	9,852	9,918	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	128,664	133,844	133,630	127,340	132,067	132,800	132,648	132,577	132,335
Part-time workers(4)	24,568	25,223	25,085	25,739	26,091	25,766	25,440	25,824	26,237

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	6,783	7,572	7,485	7,035	7,539	7,302	7,541	7,633	7,747
Percent of total employed	4.4	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,091	6,643	6,672	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	10,351	9,893	9,752	10,207	9,886	10,067	10,002	9,723	9,629
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	8,339	5,670	6,014	5.2	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.7
16 to 19 years	675	700	669	11.3	10.2	10.4	11.0	11.5	10.4
16 to 17 years	259	237	243	11.4	8.8	10.2	11.2	10.3	9.7
18 to 19 years	409	459	426	11.2	11.8	10.4	10.2	12.1	10.9
20 years and over	7,664	4,970	5,345	4.9	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.4
20 to 24 years	1,341	943	1,021	9.2	6.9	6.7	6.8	6.4	6.9
25 years and over	6,317	4,021	4,301	4.5	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	3.0
25 to 54 years	4,828	3,041	3,280	4.7	3.0	3.1	3.0	2.9	3.1
25 to 34 years	2,038	1,279	1,377	5.5	4.0	3.9	3.4	3.5	3.7
35 to 44 years	1,500	976	1,036	4.4	2.9	2.9	3.2	2.7	2.9
45 to 54 years	1,291	786	867	4.0	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.7
55 years and over	1,481	948	1,015	3.9	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.7

Men, 16 years and over	4,554	3,046	3,290	5.3	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.8
16 to 19 years	363	353	356	12.1	10.6	10.3	11.2	11.5	11.2
16 to 17 years	114	94	134	10.8	9.8	8.8	11.2	8.7	11.5
18 to 19 years	246	256	223	12.9	12.1	11.4	9.8	12.8	11.2
20 years and over	4,192	2,692	2,934	5.1	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.5
20 to 24 years	709	551	608	9.4	8.1	7.0	7.6	7.3	8.1
25 years and over	3,480	2,130	2,296	4.6	3.0	2.9	2.9	2.8	3.0
25 to 54 years	2,673	1,620	1,743	4.9	3.1	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.1
25 to 34 years	1,139	649	712	5.8	4.2	3.9	3.5	3.3	3.7
35 to 44 years	831	547	574	4.5	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.9	3.0
45 to 54 years	703	424	457	4.2	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.5	2.7
55 years and over	807	510	553	4.0	2.8	2.6	2.8	2.5	2.7

Women, 16 years and over	3,784	2,625	2,724	5.0	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.5
16 to 19 years	312	347	313	10.4	9.8	10.4	10.8	11.4	9.6
16 to 17 years	145	143	109	11.9	7.8	11.4	11.1	11.6	8.2
18 to 19 years	163	204	203	9.3	11.5	9.4	10.6	11.3	10.5
20 years and over	3,472	2,278	2,411	4.8	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.3
20 to 24 years	632	393	412	8.9	5.7	6.4	6.0	5.4	5.7
25 years and over	2,837	1,891	2,004	4.3	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.8	3.0
25 to 54 years	2,155	1,421	1,537	4.5	3.0	3.2	3.2	2.9	3.1
25 to 34 years	898	630	665	5.2	3.6	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.8
35 to 44 years	668	429	462	4.2	3.0	3.0	3.6	2.6	2.8
45 to 54 years	588	362	410	3.9	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.7
55 years and over	661	417	450	3.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.3	2.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,428	822	934	3.2	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.8	2.0
Married women, spouse present(1)	1,037	806	796	2.9	2.1	2.3	2.3	2.1	2.1
Women who maintain families(2)	828	482	533	7.9	4.0	5.0	4.5	4.7	5.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	6,951	4,555	4,938	5.2	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.6
Part-time workers(4)	1,420	1,131	1,112	5.2	4.4	4.3	3.9	4.2	4.1
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	4,547	2,776	2,871	4,441	2,839	2,736	2,645	2,547	2,720
On temporary layoff	1,283	1,037	866	1,206	853	810	827	791	782
Not on temporary layoff	3,264	1,739	2,005	3,234	1,987	1,927	1,818	1,756	1,938
Permanent job losers	2,545	1,185	1,427	2,509	1,386	1,386	1,273	1,166	1,354
Persons who completed temporary jobs	719	554	578	725	601	541	545	589	584
Job leavers	905	880	983	830	793	764	832	842	898
Reentrants	2,514	1,938	1,891	2,446	1,882	1,943	1,990	1,826	1,836
New entrants	590	661	511	514	515	535	464	460	440

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	53.1	44.4	45.9	54.0	47.1	45.8	44.6	44.9	46.2
On temporary layoff	15.0	16.6	13.8	14.7	14.1	13.5	13.9	13.9	13.3
Not on temporary layoff	38.1	27.8	32.0	39.3	33.0	32.2	30.7	30.9	32.9
Job leavers	10.6	14.1	15.7	10.1	13.1	12.8	14.0	14.8	15.2
Reentrants	29.4	31.0	30.2	29.7	31.2	32.5	33.6	32.2	31.2
New entrants	6.9	10.6	8.2	6.2	8.5	8.9	7.8	8.1	7.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.8	1.7	1.7	2.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
Job leavers	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.6	1.2	1.1	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.1
New entrants	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,051	2,373	2,162	2,110	2,227	2,066	2,262	2,080	2,223
5 to 14 weeks	2,269	2,179	2,175	1,927	1,617	1,767	1,552	1,772	1,807
15 weeks and over	4,236	1,703	1,919	4,353	2,033	2,017	2,089	1,785	2,022
15 to 26 weeks	1,042	557	683	1,248	551	661	753	718	885
27 weeks and over	3,195	1,145	1,236	3,105	1,483	1,356	1,336	1,067	1,137

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	29.2	21.0	22.1	29.4	25.0	22.5	22.3	22.1	22.3
Median duration, in weeks	14.3	7.5	8.6	14.2	7.5	9.6	8.5	8.5	8.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	24.0	37.9	34.6	25.1	37.9	35.3	38.3	36.9	36.7
5 to 14 weeks	26.5	34.8	34.8	23.0	27.5	30.2	26.3	31.4	29.9
15 weeks and over	49.5	27.2	30.7	51.9	34.6	34.5	35.4	31.7	33.4
15 to 26 weeks	12.2	8.9	10.9	14.9	9.4	11.3	12.8	12.7	14.6
27 weeks and over	37.3	18.3	19.8	37.0	25.2	23.2	22.6	18.9	18.8
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022
Total, 16 years and over(1)	153,232	158,714	8,556	6,256	5.3	3.8
Management, professional, and related occupations	64,122	68,377	2,123	1,647	3.2	2.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	28,160	30,109	849	533	2.9	1.7
Professional and related occupations	35,961	38,268	1,274	1,113	3.4	2.8
Service occupations	24,940	25,675	2,008	1,331	7.5	4.9
Sales and office occupations	29,671	29,998	1,604	1,133	5.1	3.6
Sales and related occupations	14,277	14,112	832	585	5.5	4.0
Office and administrative support occupations	15,394	15,886	772	549	4.8	3.3
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,588	14,226	723	602	4.7	4.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,146	1,037	74	84	6.1	7.5
Construction and extraction occupations	8,330	8,312	480	430	5.4	4.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,113	4,877	169	88	3.2	1.8
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	19,911	20,438	1,490	1,014	7.0	4.7
Production occupations	8,231	8,486	442	367	5.1	4.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	11,679	11,952	1,048	646	8.2	5.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022
Total, 16 years and over(1)	8,556	6,256	5.3	3.8
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	6,572	4,786	5.2	3.6
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	16	10.2	2.6
Construction	448	401	4.6	3.9
Manufacturing	536	515	3.6	3.3
Durable goods	309	278	3.3	2.8
Nondurable goods	227	237	4.2	4.1
Wholesale and retail trade	1,210	724	6.1	3.7
Transportation and utilities	481	349	5.9	4.3
Information	109	84	4.4	3.2
Financial activities	320	181	3.2	1.8
Professional and business services	824	688	4.6	3.5
Education and health services	1,047	760	4.3	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,201	839	9.1	6.1
Other services	327	231	5.0	3.3
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	94	105	5.7	6.7
Government workers	764	591	3.6	2.8
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	535	263	4.9	2.6
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	Aug. 2021	July 2022	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Apr. 2022	May 2022	June 2022	July 2022	Aug. 2022
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.6	1.0	1.2	2.7	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.2
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.8	1.7	1.7	2.7	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	5.3	3.8	3.8	5.2	3.6	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.7
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	5.5	4.1	4.0	5.4	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.9
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	6.2	4.7	4.6	6.1	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.5
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	8.9	7.2	7.0	8.8	7.0	7.1	6.7	6.7	7.0
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022	Aug. 2021	Aug. 2022
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	99,823	99,213	40,496	41,072	59,327	58,141
Persons who currently want a job	5,810	5,633	2,518	2,572	3,293	3,061
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,558	1,412	819	757	739	655
Discouraged workers(2)	367	337	227	209	140	128
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,191	1,074	592	548	599	526

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	6,783	7,485	3,439	3,709	3,344	3,776
Percent of total employed	4.4	4.7	4.2	4.4	4.7	5.1
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,846	4,237	2,094	2,307	1,753	1,930
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,489	1,573	586	515	903	1,057
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	325	440	173	255	152	186
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,045	1,157	550	595	495	562
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)	Change from: July2022 - Aug.2022(p)
Total nonfarm	146,947	152,607	152,263	152,572	146,904	151,903	152,429	152,744	315
Total private	125,653	130,567	131,117	131,174	124,808	129,725	130,202	130,510	308
Goods-producing	20,650	21,358	21,450	21,484	20,362	21,090	21,156	21,201	45

Mining and logging	580	633	641	648	574	628	634	641	7
Logging	48.0	45.0	46.0	47.1	46.6	45.0	45.0	45.2	0.2
Mining	531.8	587.7	595.2	600.4	527.7	582.9	589.1	595.5	6.4
Oil and gas extraction	119.6	141.0	142.9	141.9	118.7	139.6	141.2	141.0	-0.2
Mining, except oil and gas	179.0	182.9	184.0	182.9	175.9	179.6	180.0	179.3	-0.7
Coal mining	36.5	38.1	38.1	37.6	36.8	38.1	38.3	37.7	-0.6
Metal ore mining	41.6	43.9	44.0	43.8	41.2	43.2	43.3	43.4	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	100.9	100.9	101.9	101.5	97.8	98.3	98.5	98.1	-0.4
Support activities for mining	233.2	263.8	268.3	275.6	233.1	263.7	267.9	275.2	7.3

Construction	7,616	7,852	7,911	7,920	7,397	7,668	7,692	7,708	16
Construction of buildings	1,683.6	1,737.4	1,751.3	1,752.4	1,644.3	1,706.8	1,712.0	1,715.0	3.0
Residential building	883.1	913.7	921.5	921.7	864.6	898.9	901.3	903.6	2.3
Nonresidential building	800.5	823.7	829.8	830.7	779.7	807.9	810.7	811.4	0.7
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,082.4	1,119.6	1,127.2	1,127.0	1,028.4	1,076.2	1,078.4	1,076.4	-2.0
Specialty trade contractors	4,849.5	4,994.7	5,032.7	5,041.0	4,724.6	4,885.3	4,902.0	4,916.2	14.2
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,239.7	2,305.1	2,316.4	2,322.6	2,193.2	2,256.4	2,264.3	2,272.9	8.6
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,609.8	2,689.6	2,716.3	2,718.4	2,531.4	2,628.9	2,637.7	2,643.3	5.6

Manufacturing	12,454	12,873	12,898	12,916	12,391	12,794	12,830	12,852	22

Durable goods	7,735	7,991	7,992	8,011	7,710	7,937	7,966	7,985	19
Wood products	414.2	433.0	433.6	433.2	413.3	431.7	432.4	432.3	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral products	409.6	419.4	420.0	422.7	403.0	411.8	412.9	415.7	2.8
Primary metals	352.7	361.3	362.6	364.5	352.5	361.0	363.0	364.4	1.4
Fabricated metal products	1,390.2	1,445.0	1,449.0	1,448.4	1,386.3	1,436.2	1,440.8	1,445.5	4.7
Machinery	1,062.8	1,103.2	1,105.2	1,102.4	1,060.8	1,093.7	1,097.0	1,099.8	2.8
Computer and electronic products	1,063.0	1,089.3	1,093.1	1,096.6	1,059.5	1,083.3	1,087.2	1,091.7	4.5
Computer and peripheral equipment	158.5	162.9	163.8	164.8	157.9	162.2	163.0	163.9	0.9
Communications equipment	85.1	85.5	85.8	84.3	85.1	84.8	85.1	84.3	-0.8
Semiconductors and electronic components	370.3	385.5	389.6	391.4	369.1	382.8	386.3	389.4	3.1
Electronic instruments	418.2	422.9	421.8	423.9	417.2	421.7	421.1	422.5	1.4
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	30.9	32.5	32.1	32.2	30.3	31.9	31.7	31.6	-0.1
Electrical equipment and appliances	397.4	413.7	412.3	410.2	396.5	409.4	409.1	409.9	0.8
Transportation equipment(1)	1,654.2	1,698.8	1,687.7	1,708.3	1,651.2	1,688.5	1,701.1	1,703.5	2.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	970.6	997.3	984.1	1,001.9	961.0	990.6	994.2	992.3	-1.9
Furniture and related products	376.5	386.2	384.3	381.6	375.4	384.2	382.5	381.8	-0.7
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	614.8	641.3	644.2	643.4	611.7	637.1	640.1	640.7	0.6

Nondurable goods	4,719	4,882	4,906	4,905	4,681	4,857	4,864	4,867	3
Food manufacturing	1,654.9	1,702.8	1,721.0	1,721.0	1,632.1	1,699.0	1,700.6	1,698.2	-2.4
Textile mills	99.4	101.5	100.5	100.1	98.8	100.7	100.1	99.7	-0.4
Textile product mills	103.5	105.0	105.0	103.1	104.2	105.0	105.1	104.1	-1.0
Apparel	92.0	96.4	95.7	98.4	91.2	96.0	96.2	97.4	1.2
Paper and paper products	346.9	361.6	359.4	357.9	347.0	360.4	359.3	358.6	-0.7
Printing and related support activities	367.8	377.4	379.2	380.1	367.2	376.6	378.2	379.3	1.1
Petroleum and coal products	107.3	109.9	110.9	111.8	105.0	108.1	108.4	109.2	0.8
Chemicals	872.0	904.2	908.1	908.2	870.0	899.4	902.3	905.8	3.5
Plastics and rubber products	731.6	755.2	755.0	754.5	732.6	753.7	755.1	756.0	0.9
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	343.1	367.6	370.9	370.0	332.7	358.4	358.5	358.9	0.4

Private service-providing	105,003	109,209	109,667	109,690	104,446	108,635	109,046	109,309	263

Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,642	28,643	28,644	28,637	27,807	28,704	28,773	28,838	65

Wholesale trade	5,714.0	5,902.0	5,916.5	5,913.5	5,699.2	5,866.0	5,881.1	5,896.2	15.1
Durable goods	3,139.0	3,248.9	3,258.6	3,255.4	3,131.0	3,229.8	3,239.6	3,247.5	7.9
Nondurable goods	2,091.1	2,152.6	2,155.1	2,154.0	2,083.2	2,135.9	2,140.0	2,146.0	6.0
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	483.9	500.5	502.8	504.1	485.0	500.3	501.5	502.7	1.2

Retail trade	15,376.0	15,775.4	15,795.4	15,772.9	15,434.7	15,783.9	15,813.0	15,857.0	44.0
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,957.0	1,985.0	1,983.7	1,986.6	1,943.5	1,970.9	1,970.6	1,972.9	2.3
Automobile dealers	1,229.3	1,240.1	1,237.0	1,240.7	1,223.9	1,235.8	1,233.7	1,235.7	2.0
Other motor vehicle dealers	177.6	179.8	180.4	177.4	170.6	170.2	171.1	170.3	-0.8
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	550.1	565.1	566.3	568.5	548.9	564.9	565.7	566.9	1.2
Furniture and home furnishings stores	437.9	433.1	431.0	426.1	443.9	437.1	436.1	433.5	-2.6
Electronics and appliance stores	415.3	425.5	421.9	421.3	423.2	435.1	434.0	432.8	-1.2
Building material and garden supply stores	1,397.4	1,459.6	1,432.2	1,408.3	1,391.5	1,392.2	1,394.4	1,401.2	6.8
Food and beverage stores	3,121.4	3,182.4	3,203.1	3,211.8	3,123.0	3,174.1	3,188.8	3,203.4	14.6
Health and personal care stores	1,016.7	1,050.4	1,048.7	1,059.7	1,026.1	1,058.6	1,060.4	1,070.4	10.0
Gasoline stations	960.6	979.5	984.8	988.5	944.5	970.3	971.5	972.5	1.0
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,048.6	1,078.9	1,080.7	1,084.2	1,046.9	1,082.7	1,079.2	1,082.1	2.9
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	538.2	531.2	534.3	529.0	539.4	536.6	535.7	531.8	-3.9
General merchandise stores	3,017.8	3,141.5	3,154.1	3,147.2	3,091.5	3,224.3	3,234.5	3,249.6	15.1
Department stores	909.6	931.8	938.2	939.0	944.4	968.5	970.4	974.5	4.1
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	2,108.2	2,209.7	2,215.9	2,208.2	2,147.1	2,255.8	2,264.1	2,275.1	11.0
Miscellaneous store retailers	828.8	867.5	877.9	868.8	820.0	852.0	858.9	857.9	-1.0
Nonstore retailers	636.3	640.8	643.0	641.4	641.2	650.0	648.9	648.9	0.0

Transportation and warehousing	6,011.0	6,423.3	6,387.1	6,407.4	6,133.3	6,513.6	6,538.2	6,543.0	4.8
Air transportation	488.5	561.1	567.9	567.7	485.5	555.6	562.6	564.8	2.2
Rail transportation	146.0	146.8	146.4	146.4	146.1	146.6	146.6	146.4	-0.2
Water transportation	57.9	62.8	65.3	65.2	56.0	61.0	62.2	63.0	0.8
Truck transportation	1,536.8	1,597.5	1,607.5	1,612.2	1,524.4	1,590.7	1,594.7	1,595.5	0.8
Transit and ground passenger transportation	320.9	392.9	354.4	351.5	382.4	403.7	414.0	411.5	-2.5
Pipeline transportation	50.2	49.8	49.9	49.6	50.1	49.6	49.7	49.5	-0.2
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	30.1	34.6	36.1	36.2	23.6	28.6	29.3	29.7	0.4
Support activities for transportation	729.6	771.0	775.5	783.7	727.7	774.2	778.4	782.8	4.4
Couriers and messengers	1,014.4	1,046.8	1,032.5	1,044.8	1,071.9	1,112.5	1,111.6	1,116.9	5.3
Warehousing and storage	1,636.6	1,760.0	1,751.6	1,750.1	1,665.6	1,791.1	1,789.1	1,782.9	-6.2

Utilities	540.8	542.3	545.2	543.0	539.8	540.0	541.0	541.6	0.6

Information	2,884	3,031	3,056	3,055	2,866	3,009	3,025	3,032	7
Publishing industries, except Internet	798.8	839.2	843.1	843.7	795.4	832.1	835.3	838.9	3.6
Motion picture and sound recording industries	403.6	448.0	453.7	446.8	388.2	440.0	438.6	435.3	-3.3
Broadcasting, except Internet	234.2	235.8	233.2	235.8	235.8	235.6	235.9	236.5	0.6
Telecommunications	662.3	664.8	670.1	669.1	664.6	665.4	668.5	668.9	0.4
Data processing, hosting and related services	395.7	421.1	424.8	425.2	397.8	419.0	422.4	425.6	3.2
Other information services	389.3	421.8	431.0	434.2	384.3	417.2	424.2	427.2	3.0

Financial activities	8,838	8,993	9,028	9,034	8,781	8,951	8,964	8,981	17
Finance and insurance	6,530.3	6,605.8	6,629.5	6,634.2	6,513.4	6,595.7	6,606.4	6,617.3	10.9
Monetary authorities - central bank	21.0	21.0	21.4	21.1	20.9	20.9	21.1	21.0	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,712.9	2,710.5	2,712.0	2,714.9	2,703.8	2,705.3	2,705.8	2,707.9	2.1
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,742.8	1,738.1	1,746.9	1,748.4	1,736.2	1,731.8	1,737.6	1,741.2	3.6
Commercial banking	1,359.2	1,341.1	1,348.2	1,347.7	1,353.1	1,335.7	1,339.8	1,341.1	1.3
Nondepository credit intermediation	635.9	635.8	632.8	632.7	633.9	637.2	634.7	632.3	-2.4
Activities related to credit intermediation	334.2	336.6	332.3	333.8	333.7	336.3	333.5	334.4	0.9
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	1,001.7	1,034.4	1,053.3	1,053.8	992.6	1,031.8	1,039.4	1,042.9	3.5
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,794.7	2,839.9	2,842.8	2,844.4	2,796.1	2,837.7	2,840.1	2,845.5	5.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,307.8	2,387.5	2,398.0	2,399.7	2,268.0	2,355.4	2,357.4	2,363.3	5.9
Real estate	1,777.8	1,818.7	1,824.6	1,823.8	1,756.1	1,803.5	1,803.1	1,805.3	2.2
Rental and leasing services	509.2	547.8	552.5	555.1	491.5	531.3	533.7	537.5	3.8
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	20.8	21.0	20.9	20.8	20.4	20.6	20.6	20.5	-0.1

Professional and business services	21,429	22,313	22,416	22,494	21,309	22,289	22,373	22,441	68
Professional and technical services	9,957.8	10,436.4	10,529.1	10,541.2	9,957.2	10,454.0	10,497.0	10,537.9	40.9
Legal services	1,156.8	1,196.2	1,199.8	1,177.5	1,157.2	1,183.9	1,188.2	1,179.3	-8.9
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,013.7	1,071.7	1,074.6	1,066.4	1,063.4	1,110.3	1,110.5	1,112.2	1.7
Architectural and engineering services	1,573.5	1,647.2	1,668.5	1,674.6	1,555.1	1,632.1	1,644.3	1,653.8	9.5
Specialized design services	144.5	154.7	155.1	155.8	144.3	154.1	155.2	155.2	0.0
Computer systems design and related services	2,331.3	2,423.4	2,439.8	2,457.2	2,317.7	2,433.4	2,431.1	2,445.5	14.4
Management and technical consulting services	1,647.5	1,745.0	1,766.3	1,779.0	1,644.2	1,754.3	1,765.4	1,778.5	13.1
Scientific research and development services	840.4	892.4	905.6	907.2	832.7	884.1	892.0	898.0	6.0
Advertising and related services	449.5	485.1	489.3	488.9	448.0	482.9	486.5	487.4	0.9
Other professional and technical services	800.6	820.7	830.1	834.6	794.6	818.9	823.9	827.8	3.9
Management of companies and enterprises	2,345.6	2,396.8	2,410.9	2,402.8	2,335.6	2,382.2	2,395.0	2,393.1	-1.9
Administrative and waste services	9,125.8	9,480.1	9,476.3	9,549.6	9,015.7	9,453.0	9,481.4	9,510.1	28.7
Administrative and support services	8,665.2	9,002.6	8,993.5	9,065.1	8,558.4	8,978.3	9,004.1	9,030.5	26.4
Office administrative services	556.4	596.1	604.9	606.2	554.0	592.6	600.1	602.8	2.7
Facilities support services	156.6	152.6	155.6	158.7	156.1	154.4	155.9	157.1	1.2
Employment services(1)	3,530.6	3,783.5	3,745.2	3,811.7	3,525.6	3,857.4	3,868.3	3,884.9	16.6
Temporary help services	2,866.9	3,074.0	3,031.2	3,082.6	2,863.8	3,142.3	3,150.8	3,162.4	11.6
Business support services	797.2	772.4	764.8	765.7	806.5	789.4	782.5	777.8	-4.7
Travel arrangement and reservation services	143.9	156.9	156.4	155.7	140.5	153.0	153.1	152.5	-0.6
Investigation and security services	911.8	920.3	925.8	933.3	910.7	921.9	926.2	930.4	4.2
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,261.8	2,297.5	2,315.3	2,305.4	2,159.1	2,188.8	2,193.9	2,199.8	5.9
Other support services	306.9	323.3	325.5	328.4	306.0	320.8	323.9	325.2	1.3
Waste management and remediation services	460.6	477.5	482.8	484.5	457.3	474.7	477.3	479.6	2.3

Education and health services	23,468	24,153	24,192	24,252	23,728	24,358	24,476	24,544	68
Educational services	3,372.8	3,590.5	3,545.1	3,546.8	3,613.2	3,796.9	3,821.4	3,827.8	6.4
Health care and social assistance	20,095.3	20,562.5	20,647.1	20,705.6	20,115.2	20,560.6	20,654.3	20,715.8	61.5
Health care(3)	16,046.5	16,335.9	16,422.5	16,467.1	16,042.3	16,339.9	16,405.7	16,453.9	48.2
Ambulatory health care services	7,892.9	8,146.0	8,195.7	8,213.6	7,897.7	8,153.9	8,197.2	8,219.1	21.9
Offices of physicians	2,745.3	2,819.5	2,835.9	2,847.7	2,749.7	2,823.5	2,835.3	2,850.5	15.2
Offices of dentists	1,002.4	1,033.4	1,045.4	1,044.1	998.9	1,032.5	1,041.4	1,041.5	0.1
Offices of other health practitioners	1,023.4	1,078.6	1,091.5	1,094.7	1,020.4	1,078.3	1,092.1	1,093.1	1.0
Outpatient care centers	999.6	1,019.4	1,028.2	1,031.8	1,001.7	1,021.6	1,028.0	1,032.6	4.6
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	306.9	314.0	313.3	314.4	309.2	314.7	315.3	316.5	1.2
Home health care services	1,504.7	1,564.3	1,564.9	1,562.7	1,506.7	1,566.1	1,568.1	1,566.3	-1.8
Other ambulatory health care services	310.6	316.8	316.5	318.2	311.0	317.0	317.0	318.6	1.6
Hospitals	5,133.0	5,178.4	5,197.8	5,213.9	5,129.6	5,179.8	5,193.6	5,208.3	14.7
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,020.6	3,011.5	3,029.0	3,039.6	3,015.0	3,006.2	3,014.9	3,026.5	11.6
Nursing care facilities	1,369.8	1,356.2	1,362.9	1,365.2	1,367.7	1,356.2	1,357.8	1,360.1	2.3
Residential mental health facilities	602.8	605.6	609.5	612.5	602.0	604.0	606.9	611.0	4.1
Community care facilities for the elderly	893.7	892.6	899.5	903.4	891.7	889.9	894.3	897.9	3.6
Other residential care facilities	154.3	157.1	157.1	158.5	153.5	156.2	155.9	157.6	1.7
Social assistance	4,048.8	4,226.6	4,224.6	4,238.5	4,072.9	4,220.7	4,248.6	4,261.9	13.3
Individual and family services	2,721.4	2,797.1	2,822.3	2,822.5	2,721.9	2,791.5	2,812.1	2,818.9	6.8
Emergency and other relief services	190.9	201.0	201.1	200.8	192.3	201.0	201.7	202.7	1.0
Vocational rehabilitation services	275.3	277.6	276.8	278.1	271.9	274.2	271.8	274.4	2.6
Child day care services	861.2	950.9	924.4	937.1	886.8	953.9	963.1	965.9	2.8

Leisure and hospitality	15,172	16,317	16,545	16,449	14,453	15,642	15,737	15,768	31
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,323.3	2,562.9	2,643.2	2,582.8	2,050.2	2,295.3	2,311.2	2,319.6	8.4
Performing arts and spectator sports	425.3	518.8	520.0	516.3	401.5	495.9	499.6	496.6	-3.0
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	152.1	169.5	175.7	172.1	141.8	157.9	159.8	161.9	2.1
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,745.9	1,874.6	1,947.5	1,894.4	1,506.9	1,641.5	1,651.8	1,661.1	9.3
Accommodation and food services	12,848.5	13,754.5	13,901.7	13,866.5	12,402.4	13,346.5	13,425.6	13,448.1	22.5
Accommodation	1,674.5	1,829.4	1,879.1	1,860.5	1,516.2	1,714.3	1,715.9	1,720.2	4.3
Food services and drinking places	11,174.0	11,925.1	12,022.6	12,006.0	10,886.2	11,632.2	11,709.7	11,727.9	18.2

Other services	5,570	5,759	5,786	5,769	5,502	5,682	5,698	5,705	7
Repair and maintenance	1,373.3	1,436.9	1,436.3	1,438.9	1,360.7	1,423.1	1,424.9	1,427.6	2.7
Personal and laundry services	1,393.9	1,465.2	1,480.0	1,475.8	1,381.4	1,451.7	1,463.5	1,463.6	0.1
Membership associations and organizations	2,803.1	2,857.0	2,869.5	2,854.6	2,759.7	2,807.4	2,810.0	2,813.3	3.3

Government	21,294	22,040	21,146	21,398	22,096	22,178	22,227	22,234	7
Federal	2,894	2,858	2,881	2,869	2,886	2,856	2,865	2,863	-2
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,294.1	2,262.9	2,277.0	2,276.4	2,282.3	2,254.7	2,261.8	2,263.1	1.3
U.S. Postal Service	599.6	594.6	604.3	592.8	603.9	601.4	603.4	600.0	-3.4
State government	4,966	4,986	4,929	4,989	5,226	5,238	5,248	5,251	3
State government education	2,290.8	2,337.8	2,275.2	2,326.1	2,560.5	2,604.2	2,607.1	2,602.6	-4.5
State government, excluding education	2,674.9	2,648.5	2,653.4	2,662.4	2,665.0	2,633.9	2,641.1	2,648.5	7.4
Local government	13,434	14,196	13,336	13,540	13,984	14,084	14,114	14,120	6
Local government education	6,942.1	7,639.6	6,711.2	6,940.0	7,665.2	7,701.4	7,715.5	7,701.5	-14.0
Local government, excluding education	6,492.1	6,556.2	6,624.8	6,599.7	6,319.2	6,382.3	6,398.0	6,418.8	20.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.7	34.5	34.6	34.5
Goods-producing	39.9	39.9	40.0	39.9
Mining and logging	44.7	46.3	46.2	46.1
Construction	38.8	38.7	38.8	38.8
Manufacturing	40.4	40.3	40.4	40.3
Durable goods	40.5	40.7	40.8	40.7
Nondurable goods	40.2	39.7	39.6	39.7
Private service-providing	33.7	33.5	33.5	33.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.4	34.0	34.2	34.0
Wholesale trade	39.1	39.0	39.1	39.0
Retail trade	30.7	30.1	30.3	30.1
Transportation and warehousing	38.7	38.4	38.4	38.4
Utilities	42.6	42.9	42.2	41.7
Information	37.0	36.8	36.7	36.6
Financial activities	37.5	37.5	37.4	37.4
Professional and business services	36.5	36.6	36.6	36.7
Education and health services	33.4	33.4	33.4	33.3
Leisure and hospitality	26.3	25.7	25.7	25.6
Other services	32.2	32.2	32.2	32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.3
Durable goods	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.4
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)
Total private	$30.76	$32.11	$32.26	$32.36	$1,067.37	$1,107.80	$1,116.20	$1,116.42
Goods-producing	31.16	32.37	32.50	32.52	1,243.28	1,291.56	1,300.00	1,297.55
Mining and logging	35.25	36.22	36.74	36.90	1,575.68	1,676.99	1,697.39	1,701.09
Construction	33.08	34.67	34.77	34.82	1,283.50	1,341.73	1,349.08	1,351.02
Manufacturing	29.86	30.83	30.95	30.95	1,206.34	1,242.45	1,250.38	1,247.29
Durable goods	31.35	32.43	32.51	32.51	1,269.68	1,319.90	1,326.41	1,323.16
Nondurable goods	27.37	28.14	28.34	28.32	1,100.27	1,117.16	1,122.26	1,124.30
Private service-providing	30.66	32.05	32.21	32.32	1,033.24	1,073.68	1,079.04	1,079.49
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26.45	27.59	27.71	27.74	909.88	938.06	947.68	943.16
Wholesale trade	33.84	34.99	35.17	35.20	1,323.14	1,364.61	1,375.15	1,372.80
Retail trade	22.01	22.87	23.02	23.04	675.71	688.39	697.51	693.50
Transportation and warehousing	26.57	27.97	28.03	28.10	1,028.26	1,074.05	1,076.35	1,079.04
Utilities	45.03	47.40	47.40	47.16	1,918.28	2,033.46	2,000.28	1,966.57
Information	44.30	46.22	46.41	46.95	1,639.10	1,700.90	1,703.25	1,718.37
Financial activities	40.11	41.45	41.59	41.81	1,504.13	1,554.38	1,555.47	1,563.69
Professional and business services	36.87	38.64	38.87	38.94	1,345.76	1,414.22	1,422.64	1,429.10
Education and health services	30.25	31.73	31.93	32.04	1,010.35	1,059.78	1,066.46	1,066.93
Leisure and hospitality	18.70	20.08	20.20	20.30	491.81	516.06	519.14	519.68
Other services	27.94	28.41	28.58	28.64	899.67	914.80	920.28	922.21
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)	Percent change from: July 2022 - Aug. 2022(p)	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)	Percent change from: July 2022 - Aug. 2022(p)
Total private	108.7	112.4	113.1	113.0	-0.1	159.9	172.5	174.4	174.9	0.3
Goods-producing	92.6	95.9	96.4	96.4	0.0	130.4	140.3	141.6	141.7	0.1
Mining and logging	80.6	91.4	92.0	92.9	1.0	114.1	132.9	135.8	137.6	1.3
Construction	98.9	102.3	102.9	103.1	0.2	142.2	154.1	155.4	156.0	0.4
Manufacturing	90.1	92.8	93.2	93.2	0.0	125.1	133.0	134.2	134.1	-0.1
Durable goods	87.9	90.9	91.5	91.5	0.0	122.4	131.0	132.1	132.1	0.0
Nondurable goods	93.9	96.2	96.1	96.4	0.3	130.4	137.4	138.3	138.6	0.2
Private service-providing	113.3	117.2	117.6	117.5	-0.1	168.9	182.5	184.1	184.7	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	104.4	106.5	107.4	107.0	-0.4	148.9	158.4	160.5	160.1	-0.2
Wholesale trade	98.3	100.9	101.4	101.4	0.0	139.1	147.7	149.2	149.3	0.1
Retail trade	96.2	96.5	97.3	96.9	-0.4	140.0	145.8	148.0	147.6	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing	136.4	143.7	144.3	144.4	0.1	184.3	204.5	205.7	206.4	0.3
Utilities	99.5	100.2	98.8	97.7	-1.1	148.0	157.0	154.7	152.3	-1.6
Information	96.8	101.1	101.4	101.3	-0.1	152.8	166.4	167.5	169.4	1.1
Financial activities	107.9	110.0	109.8	110.1	0.3	168.8	177.8	178.2	179.5	0.7
Professional and business services	122.0	127.9	128.4	129.1	0.5	182.1	200.1	202.1	203.6	0.7
Education and health services	129.4	132.8	133.5	133.5	0.0	188.3	202.8	205.0	205.7	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	108.5	114.7	115.4	115.2	-0.2	163.6	185.8	188.1	188.6	0.3
Other services	102.1	105.5	105.8	105.9	0.1	156.4	164.3	165.7	166.3	0.4
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)
Total nonfarm	73,229	75,699	76,026	76,118	49.8	49.8	49.9	49.8
Total private	60,453	62,818	63,083	63,216	48.4	48.4	48.5	48.4
Goods-producing	4,636	4,861	4,882	4,889	22.8	23.0	23.1	23.1
Mining and logging	74	82	83	85	12.9	13.1	13.1	13.3
Construction	1,020	1,076	1,079	1,079	13.8	14.0	14.0	14.0
Manufacturing	3,542	3,703	3,720	3,725	28.6	28.9	29.0	29.0
Durable goods	1,880	1,967	1,979	1,982	24.4	24.8	24.8	24.8
Nondurable goods	1,662	1,736	1,741	1,743	35.5	35.7	35.8	35.8
Private service-providing	55,817	57,957	58,201	58,327	53.4	53.4	53.4	53.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,972	11,419	11,461	11,493	39.5	39.8	39.8	39.9
Wholesale trade	1,724.4	1,797.6	1,803.2	1,805.9	30.3	30.6	30.7	30.6
Retail trade	7,513.1	7,724.8	7,747.0	7,764.1	48.7	48.9	49.0	49.0
Transportation and warehousing	1,598.9	1,759.8	1,772.6	1,784.9	26.1	27.0	27.1	27.3
Utilities	135.1	136.8	137.7	138.2	25.0	25.3	25.5	25.5
Information	1,134	1,206	1,208	1,213	39.6	40.1	39.9	40.0
Financial activities	4,938	4,994	5,000	5,001	56.2	55.8	55.8	55.7
Professional and business services	9,869	10,289	10,314	10,329	46.3	46.2	46.1	46.0
Education and health services	18,328	18,748	18,867	18,915	77.2	77.0	77.1	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	7,658	8,285	8,317	8,334	53.0	53.0	52.8	52.9
Other services	2,918	3,016	3,034	3,042	53.0	53.1	53.2	53.3
Government	12,776	12,881	12,943	12,902	57.8	58.1	58.2	58.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]
Industry	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)
Total private	101,731	105,691	106,112	106,367
Goods-producing	14,515	15,122	15,167	15,201
Mining and logging	428	471	475	480
Construction	5,461	5,668	5,688	5,699
Manufacturing	8,626	8,983	9,004	9,022
Durable goods	5,295	5,496	5,510	5,534
Nondurable goods	3,331	3,487	3,494	3,488
Private service-providing	87,216	90,569	90,945	91,166
Trade, transportation, and utilities	23,495	24,214	24,279	24,341
Wholesale trade	4,530.8	4,667.4	4,673.8	4,678.2
Retail trade	13,195.6	13,443.9	13,481.9	13,516.0
Transportation and warehousing	5,339.5	5,669.7	5,689.2	5,712.1
Utilities	429.2	432.7	434.1	434.5
Information	2,281	2,401	2,418	2,420
Financial activities	6,623	6,736	6,751	6,762
Professional and business services	17,207	17,813	17,899	17,956
Education and health services	20,723	21,192	21,281	21,304
Leisure and hospitality	12,410	13,594	13,678	13,739
Other services	4,477	4,619	4,639	4,644
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.2	34.0	34.0	33.9
Goods-producing	40.8	40.6	40.7	40.5
Mining and logging	46.2	48.1	48.1	47.1
Construction	39.4	39.5	39.6	39.5
Manufacturing	41.4	41.0	41.1	40.9
Durable goods	41.4	41.3	41.5	41.2
Nondurable goods	41.3	40.5	40.4	40.3
Private service-providing	33.1	32.9	32.9	32.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.3	34.0	34.0	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.9	39.1	39.2	39.0
Retail trade	30.7	30.4	30.3	30.2
Transportation and warehousing	38.5	37.8	37.8	37.7
Utilities	42.6	43.0	42.4	42.3
Information	36.9	36.3	36.3	36.2
Financial activities	37.3	37.4	37.4	37.3
Professional and business services	36.2	36.3	36.4	36.4
Education and health services	32.6	32.7	32.7	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	25.0	24.6	24.5	24.4
Other services	31.2	31.2	31.2	31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.9
Durable goods	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.1
Nondurable goods	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)
Total private	$26.10	$27.45	$27.58	$27.68	$892.62	$933.30	$937.72	$938.35
Goods-producing	26.73	27.91	28.03	28.15	1,090.58	1,133.15	1,140.82	1,140.08
Mining and logging	31.54	32.83	33.10	33.51	1,457.15	1,579.12	1,592.11	1,578.32
Construction	30.76	32.27	32.40	32.57	1,211.94	1,274.67	1,283.04	1,286.52
Manufacturing	24.03	24.96	25.06	25.13	994.84	1,023.36	1,029.97	1,027.82
Durable goods	25.03	26.15	26.21	26.32	1,036.24	1,080.00	1,087.72	1,084.38
Nondurable goods	22.44	23.04	23.21	23.19	926.77	933.12	937.68	934.56
Private service-providing	25.97	27.36	27.49	27.58	859.61	900.14	904.42	904.62
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22.56	23.87	23.98	24.06	773.81	811.58	815.32	815.63
Wholesale trade	27.91	29.10	29.33	29.39	1,085.70	1,137.81	1,149.74	1,146.21
Retail trade	18.61	19.49	19.60	19.65	571.33	592.50	593.88	593.43
Transportation and warehousing	24.21	26.20	26.16	26.36	932.09	990.36	988.85	993.77
Utilities	40.14	42.14	42.27	41.95	1,709.96	1,812.02	1,792.25	1,774.49
Information	36.62	37.65	37.76	38.13	1,351.28	1,366.70	1,370.69	1,380.31
Financial activities	30.51	32.24	32.47	32.45	1,138.02	1,205.78	1,214.38	1,210.39
Professional and business services	30.82	32.53	32.64	32.71	1,115.68	1,180.84	1,188.10	1,190.64
Education and health services	27.38	28.83	28.99	29.11	892.59	942.74	947.97	951.90
Leisure and hospitality	16.49	17.78	17.81	17.92	412.25	437.39	436.35	437.25
Other services	23.86	24.42	24.65	24.58	744.43	761.90	769.08	766.90
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)	Percent change from: July 2022 - Aug. 2022(p)	Aug. 2021	June 2022	July 2022(p)	Aug. 2022(p)	Percent change from: July 2022 - Aug. 2022(p)
Total private	115.9	119.7	120.2	120.2	0.0	202.2	219.7	221.6	222.3	0.3
Goods-producing	90.5	93.8	94.3	94.1	-0.2	148.1	160.3	161.9	162.2	0.2
Mining and logging	105.1	120.4	121.4	120.1	-1.1	192.8	229.9	233.7	234.1	0.2
Construction	107.7	112.1	112.8	112.7	-0.1	178.9	195.3	197.3	198.2	0.5
Manufacturing	82.0	84.5	85.0	84.7	-0.4	128.8	138.0	139.2	139.2	0.0
Durable goods	82.4	85.3	85.9	85.7	-0.2	128.7	139.2	140.6	140.7	0.1
Nondurable goods	81.1	83.2	83.2	82.8	-0.5	128.5	135.5	136.4	135.7	-0.5
Private service-providing	123.0	127.0	127.5	127.4	-0.1	219.1	238.3	240.4	241.0	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	112.7	115.1	115.4	115.4	0.0	181.7	196.4	197.8	198.4	0.3
Wholesale trade	104.6	108.3	108.7	108.3	-0.4	172.3	186.0	188.2	187.8	-0.2
Retail trade	102.5	103.4	103.4	103.3	-0.1	163.5	172.7	173.6	173.9	0.2
Transportation and warehousing	155.6	162.2	162.8	163.0	0.1	239.7	270.5	271.0	273.4	0.9
Utilities	93.5	95.2	94.1	94.0	-0.1	156.7	167.4	166.1	164.6	-0.9
Information	96.1	99.5	100.2	100.0	-0.2	174.2	185.4	187.3	188.7	0.7
Financial activities	116.3	118.6	118.8	118.7	-0.1	218.2	235.2	237.4	237.0	-0.2
Professional and business services	139.3	144.6	145.7	146.1	0.3	255.3	279.7	282.8	284.3	0.5
Education and health services	144.0	147.8	148.4	148.5	0.1	260.3	281.2	283.9	285.4	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	113.6	122.5	122.7	122.8	0.1	212.8	247.3	248.3	249.9	0.6
Other services	98.0	101.1	101.5	101.6	0.1	170.3	179.8	182.3	182.0	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Last Modified Date: September 02, 2022