For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, July 7, 2020	USDL-20-1348

Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov

                                JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – MAY 2020

The number of hires increased by 2.4 million to a series high of 6.5 million in May, the U.S. Bureau of 
Labor Statistics reported today. This was the largest monthly increase of hires since the series began. 
Total separations decreased by 5.8 million to 4.1 million, the single largest decrease since the series 
began. Within separations, the quits rate rose to 1.6 percent while the layoffs and discharges rate fell to 
1.4 percent. Job openings increased to 5.4 million on the last business day of May. These improvements 
in the labor market reflected a limited resumption of economic activity that had been curtailed in March 
and April due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and efforts to contain it. This release includes 
estimates of the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector, by 
industry, and by four geographic regions.
  
Job Openings

On the last business day of May, the number of job openings increased to 5.4 million (+401,000) while 
the rate was little changed at 3.9 percent. Job openings rose in accommodation and food services 
(+196,000), retail trade (+147,000), and construction (+118,000). Job openings decreased in information 
(-55,000), federal government (-37,000), and educational services (-27,000). The number of job 
openings increased in the South region. (See table 1.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                     Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on May 2020 JOLTS Data                     |  
|													|
|Data collection for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey was affected by the coronavirus         |
|(COVID-19) pandemic. More information is available at the end of this news release and 		|
|www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-may-2020.htm				|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Hires

In May, the number of hires increased to 6.5 million (+2,440,000) and the rate increased to 4.9 percent, a 
high for both series. Conversely, hires levels and rates saw series lows in April. In May, the hires level 
increased for total private (+2,432,000) and was little changed for government. Hires increased in a 
number of industries, with the greatest rise in accommodation and food services (+763,000), followed 
by health care and social assistance (+479,000), and construction (+427,000). The number of hires 
increased in all four regions. (See table 2.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations 
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In May, the number and rate of total separations decreased to 4.1 million (-5,830,000) and 3.1 percent, 
respectively. The number of total separations in May was 1.5 million lower than the February level. 
Total separations decreased in many industries in May, with the largest decreases in accommodation and 
food services (-1,159,000), retail trade (-751,000), and other services (-704,000). The number of total 
separations increased in federal government (+28,000). Total separations decreased in all four regions. 
(See table 3.)

In May, the number and rate of quits increased to 2.1 million (+190,000) and 1.6 percent, respectively. 
Quits rose to 2.0 million (+228,000) for total private and fell to 108,000 (-38,000) for government. Quits 
increased in accommodation and food services (+88,000), durable goods manufacturing (+38,000), and 
transportation, warehousing, and utilities (+27,000). Quits decreased in state and local government 
education (-26,000), state and local government, excluding education (-25,000), and educational services 
(-22,000). The number of quits increased in the South region. (See table 4.)

The number and rate of layoffs and discharges decreased in May to 1.8 million (-5,912,000) and 1.4 
percent, respectively. The rate, which had reached a series high of 7.6 percent in March, is now much 
closer to the pre-pandemic rate of 1.2 percent in February. The number of layoffs and discharges 
decreased for total private to 1.7 million (-5,809,000) and for government to 124,000 (-103,000). The 
layoffs and discharges level decreased in all but one industry. The largest declines occurred in 
accommodation and food services (-1,251,000), followed by retail trade (-758,000), and other services
(-698,000). Layoffs and discharges increased in federal government (+16,000). The number of layoffs 
and discharges decreased in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The number of other separations decreased in May (-108,000). Other separations decreased in 
professional and business services (-50,000), construction (-30,000), and state and local government, 
excluding education (-9,000). Other separations decreased in the Midwest region. (See table 6.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising.

Over the 12 months ending in May, hires totaled 68.5 million and separations totaled 79.8 million, 
yielding a net employment loss of 11.3 million. These totals include workers who may have been hired 
and separated more than once during the year.
____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey estimates for June 2020 are scheduled to be 
released on Monday, August 10, 2020 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                   Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) Data Corrections                     |
|													|
|This news release contains corrections to previously released January 2020 data in tables 1-6. An error| 
|in federal government data affected estimates for government, total nonfarm, and all four regions. More|
|information on these corrections as well as a complete list of corrections in this news release and in |
|the JOLTS database can be found at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/corrections-to-job-openings-and-labor-	|
|turnover-survey-estimates-for-january-2020.htm.							|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|    Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Impact on May 2020 Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey Data     | 
|													|
|Data collection for the JOLTS survey was affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. While 42     |
|percent of data are usually collected by phone at the JOLTS data collection center, most phone 	|
|respondents were asked to report electronically. However, data collection was adversely impacted due to| 
|the inability to reach some respondents that normally respond by phone. The JOLTS response rate for May|
|was 45 percent, while response rates prior to the pandemic averaged 54 percent.			|
|													|
|BLS modified the JOLTS estimation methods starting in March and continuing through May to better 	|
|reflect the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The estimation process usually includes an	|
|alignment of monthly hires minus separations to the over-the-month change in the Current Employment 	|
|Statistics (CES) employment estimates. For May estimates, as in earlier months,  BLS suspended the 	|
|alignment process because the differing reference periods for the CES employment estimates (pay period	|
|including the 12th of the month) and the JOLTS hires and separations estimates (the entire reference	|
|month) led to substantially different measurement outcomes. For more information about the impact of 	|
|the COVID-19 pandemic on the JOLTS survey, including more information about the JOLTS estimation 	|
|methodology, please see www.bls.gov/covid19/job-openings-and-labor-turnover-covid19-may-2020.htm	|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	7,300	4,996	5,397	5,687	4,047	6,487	5,547	9,975	4,145
Total private	6,600	4,332	4,742	5,343	3,812	6,244	5,211	9,536	3,857
Mining and logging(1)	29	10	11	28	13	15	24	67	29
Construction(1)	373	247	365	386	246	673	380	835	311
Manufacturing	482	315	328	340	326	426	336	762	284
Durable goods(1)	293	170	180	191	161	167	190	511	173
Nondurable goods(1)	189	146	148	149	166	259	146	251	111
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,283	883	987	1,169	1,025	1,200	1,147	1,953	929
Wholesale trade	214	145	144	164	117	141	152	281	179
Retail trade	746	521	668	766	723	805	766	1,267	516
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	323	217	175	239	185	254	229	405	234
Information(1)	127	132	77	106	39	61	93	128	54
Financial activities	367	251	255	222	162	181	215	299	160
Finance and insurance	267	185	201	138	129	98	129	112	104
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	100	66	54	84	34	83	86	187	56
Professional and business services	1,268	982	981	1,132	800	867	1,123	1,359	819
Education and health services	1,358	1,051	997	677	545	1,040	635	1,323	535
Educational services(1)	130	102	75	100	69	84	94	277	52
Health care and social assistance	1,227	949	922	578	477	956	541	1,046	483
Leisure and hospitality	1,018	314	547	1,064	490	1,345	1,045	1,989	619
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	121	41	78	165	31	122	172	314	103
Accommodation and food services	898	273	469	898	460	1,223	873	1,675	516
Other services	294	147	194	219	165	436	214	821	117
Government	701	664	655	344	235	244	336	439	288
Federal(1)	111	114	77	35	46	41	34	39	67
State and local	590	550	578	309	189	203	302	400	220
State and local education	210	194	211	155	111	132	170	170	103
State and local, excluding education(1)	380	356	367	154	78	70	132	230	117
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	4.6	3.7	3.9	3.8	3.1	4.9	3.7	7.6	3.1
Total private	4.9	3.8	4.1	4.2	3.5	5.6	4.1	8.8	3.5
Mining and logging(1)	3.8	1.5	1.7	3.7	2.1	2.3	3.3	10.2	4.6
Construction(1)	4.8	3.6	4.9	5.2	3.7	9.6	5.1	12.7	4.4
Manufacturing	3.6	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.8	3.6	2.6	6.6	2.4
Durable goods(1)	3.5	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.4	7.2	2.4
Nondurable goods(1)	3.8	3.2	3.2	3.1	3.8	5.8	3.1	5.8	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	4.4	3.5	3.8	4.2	4.2	4.8	4.1	8.0	3.7
Wholesale trade	3.5	2.5	2.5	2.8	2.1	2.5	2.6	5.1	3.2
Retail trade	4.6	3.8	4.7	4.9	5.4	5.9	4.9	9.5	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(1)	5.0	3.7	3.0	3.9	3.3	4.5	3.7	7.2	4.2
Information(1)	4.3	4.8	2.9	3.7	1.5	2.4	3.2	4.9	2.1
Financial activities	4.0	2.9	2.9	2.5	1.9	2.1	2.5	3.5	1.9
Finance and insurance	4.0	2.8	3.0	2.2	2.0	1.5	2.0	1.7	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing(1)	4.1	3.0	2.4	3.6	1.6	3.8	3.7	8.8	2.6
Professional and business services	5.6	4.9	4.8	5.3	4.2	4.5	5.3	7.1	4.2
Education and health services	5.3	4.6	4.3	2.8	2.5	4.7	2.6	6.1	2.4
Educational services(1)	3.4	3.0	2.2	2.7	2.1	2.5	2.5	8.3	1.5
Health care and social assistance	5.7	4.9	4.7	2.8	2.6	5.1	2.7	5.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	5.8	3.5	5.3	6.4	5.7	13.7	6.3	23.2	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	4.8	3.4	6.3	6.8	2.7	10.4	7.1	27.2	8.8
Accommodation and food services	6.0	3.5	5.1	6.4	6.2	14.1	6.2	22.5	6.0
Other services	4.8	3.1	3.8	3.7	3.6	9.0	3.6	17.9	2.4
Government	3.0	3.0	3.0	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.5	2.0	1.4
Federal(1)	3.8	3.8	2.6	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.3	2.3
State and local	2.9	2.8	3.1	1.6	1.0	1.1	1.5	2.1	1.2
State and local education	2.0	1.9	2.2	1.5	1.1	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.1
State and local, excluding education(1)	3.9	3.8	4.0	1.7	0.9	0.8	1.4	2.6	1.3
Footnotes (1) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data are identical. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note

This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The JOLTS 
program provides information on labor demand and turnover. Additional information about the JOLTS program can 
be found at www.bls.gov/jlt/. Estimates are published for job openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, 
other separations, and total separations. The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as 
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Industries are classified in 
accordance with the North American Industry Classification System.

Definitions

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period that 
includes the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and 
hourly employees are included, as are employees on paid vacation or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of 
unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or employees on strike for the entire pay period, and employees 
on leave without pay for the entire pay period are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, 
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by 
the establishment where they are working.

Job Openings.  Job openings include all positions that are open on the last business day of the reference month. 

A job is open only if it meets all three of these conditions: 
* A specific position exists and there is work available for that position. The position can be full-time or part-
time, and it can be permanent, short-term, or seasonal. 
* The job could start within 30 days, whether or not the employer can find a suitable candidate during that time. 
* The employer is actively recruiting workers from outside the establishment to fill the position. Active 
recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a position. It may include advertising in 
newspapers, on television, or on the radio; posting Internet notices, posting “help wanted” signs, 
networking or making “word-of-mouth” announcements; accepting applications; interviewing candidates; 
contacting employment agencies; or soliciting employees at job fairs, state or local employment offices, or 
similar sources.

Excluded are positions open only to internal transfers, promotions or demotions, or recall from layoffs. Also 
excluded are openings for positions with start dates more than 30 days in the future, positions for which employees 
have been hired but the employees have not yet reported for work, and positions to be filled by employees of 
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is 
computed by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying that 
quotient by 100.

Hires.  Hires include all additions to the payroll during the entire reference month, including newly hired and 
rehired employees; full-time and part-time employees; permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees; employees 
who were recalled to a job at the location following a layoff (formal suspension from pay status) lasting more than 7 
days; on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after having been formally separated; workers who 
were hired and separated during the month, and transfers from other locations. Excluded are transfers or promotions 
within the reporting location, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help agencies, employee 
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by 
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Separations.  Separations include all separations from the payroll during the entire reference month and is 
reported by type of separation: quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits include employees who 
left voluntarily with the exception of retirements or transfers to other locations. Layoffs and discharges includes 
involuntary separations initiated by the employer including layoffs with no intent to rehire; layoffs (formal 
suspensions from pay status) lasting or expected to last more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, 
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or short-term employees; 
and terminations of seasonal employees (whether or not they are expected to return the next season). Other 
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations, separations due to employee disability; and deaths. 
Excluded from separations are transfers within the same location; employees on strike; employees of temporary help 
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The separations rate is computed by 
dividing the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The quits, layoffs and 
discharges, and other separations rates are computed similarly.

Estimation Method

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 20,700 nonfarm business and government 
establishments. The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment size class. The 
establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.4 million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of 
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state unemployment insurance 
laws and federal agencies subject to the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

Employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates 
of the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the 
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.

Birth/death model.  The time lag from the start up, or birth, of an establishment until its appearance on the 
sampling frame is approximately one year. Also within the first year, new businesses may go out of business, 
referred to as a death. Because not all births and deaths of establishments can be reflected on the sampling frame 
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from them during their early 
existence. BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses establishment birth and death activity from previous 
years. The estimates of job openings, hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to the 
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for job openings, hires, and separations.

Alignment.  The JOLTS figure for hires minus separations can be used to derive a measure of net employment 
change. This change should be comparable to the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. 
However, definitional differences as well as sampling and non- sampling errors between the two surveys historically 
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires 
and separations series, BLS implemented the monthly alignment method. There are four steps to this method: 
seasonally adjust, align, back out the seasonal adjustment factors, and re-seasonally adjust.

Seasonal adjustment.  BLS uses X-13 ARIMA for seasonal adjustment. A concurrent seasonal adjustment 
methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up 
to and including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and multiplicative models 
and REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at the 
beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. The seasonally adjusted CES 
employment trends are applied to the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trends (hires minus 
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. 

Annual estimates.  The JOLTS estimates are revised annually to reflect annual updates to the CES employment 
estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-
adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. The 
seasonally adjusted data are recalculated for the most recent 5 years in order to reflect updated seasonal adjustment 
factors. These annual updates result in revisions to both the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS 
data series, for the period since the last benchmark was established.

Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of the 
12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment 
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This figure will be 
approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are 
published only for not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news release each year. Annual 
estimates are not calculated for job openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the 
last business day of each month.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Nonsampling error occurs when a sample 
is surveyed rather than the entire population. There is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true 
population values they represent. The difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample 
selected. This variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at 
the 90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an 
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of 
sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons 
including: the failure to include a segment of the population; the inability to obtain data from all units in the sample; 
the inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis; mistakes made by respondents; errors 
made in the collection or processing of the data; and errors from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.
Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	7,300	7,012	7,004	6,011	4,996	5,397	4.6	4.4	4.4	3.8	3.7	3.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,600	6,231	6,236	5,284	4,332	4,742	4.9	4.6	4.6	3.9	3.8	4.1
Mining and logging(3)	29	19	26	12	10	11	3.8	2.7	3.4	1.7	1.5	1.7
Construction(3)	373	267	296	240	247	365	4.8	3.4	3.7	3.1	3.6	4.9
Manufacturing	482	408	422	310	315	328	3.6	3.1	3.2	2.4	2.7	2.7
Durable goods(3)	293	256	269	178	170	180	3.5	3.1	3.2	2.2	2.3	2.4
Nondurable goods(3)	189	152	153	132	146	148	3.8	3.1	3.1	2.7	3.2	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,283	1,214	1,168	1,069	883	987	4.4	4.2	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.8
Wholesale trade	214	172	183	156	145	144	3.5	2.8	3.0	2.6	2.5	2.5
Retail trade	746	759	715	626	521	668	4.6	4.6	4.4	3.9	3.8	4.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	323	283	270	286	217	175	5.0	4.3	4.2	4.4	3.7	3.0
Information(3)	127	152	132	119	132	77	4.3	5.0	4.4	4.0	4.8	2.9
Financial activities	367	427	400	336	251	255	4.0	4.6	4.3	3.7	2.9	2.9
Finance and insurance	267	312	306	262	185	201	4.0	4.6	4.5	3.9	2.8	3.0
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	100	115	94	75	66	54	4.1	4.7	3.8	3.1	3.0	2.4
Professional and business services	1,268	1,265	1,357	1,192	982	981	5.6	5.6	5.9	5.3	4.9	4.8
Education and health services	1,358	1,294	1,252	1,193	1,051	997	5.3	5.0	4.8	4.6	4.6	4.3
Educational services(3)	130	133	121	106	102	75	3.4	3.4	3.1	2.7	3.0	2.2
Health care and social assistance	1,227	1,161	1,131	1,087	949	922	5.7	5.3	5.2	5.0	4.9	4.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,018	919	950	664	314	547	5.8	5.2	5.3	3.9	3.5	5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	121	148	135	130	41	78	4.8	5.6	5.2	5.1	3.4	6.3
Accommodation and food services	898	771	815	534	273	469	6.0	5.1	5.4	3.7	3.5	5.1
Other services	294	264	232	147	147	194	4.8	4.3	3.8	2.4	3.1	3.8
Government	701	781	769	727	664	655	3.0	3.3	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.0
Federal(3)	111	113	119	131	114	77	3.8	3.8	4.0	4.3	3.8	2.6
State and local	590	669	649	596	550	578	2.9	3.3	3.2	2.9	2.8	3.1
State and local education	210	275	252	215	194	211	2.0	2.5	2.3	2.0	1.9	2.2
State and local, excluding education(3)	380	393	397	381	356	367	3.9	4.0	4.1	3.9	3.8	4.0
REGION(4)
Northeast	1,251	1,224	1,237	1,102	972	972	4.3	4.2	4.2	3.8	3.9	3.8
South	2,720	2,631	2,589	2,251	1,856	2,070	4.7	4.5	4.4	3.9	3.7	4.1
Midwest	1,663	1,522	1,556	1,286	1,067	1,127	4.8	4.4	4.5	3.8	3.6	3.7
West	1,666	1,634	1,621	1,373	1,101	1,227	4.5	4.4	4.4	3.7	3.5	3.8
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and all regions' data in this table have been corrected for the month of January 2020.

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	5,687	5,921	5,864	5,111	4,047	6,487	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.4	3.1	4.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,343	5,541	5,489	4,744	3,812	6,244	4.2	4.3	4.2	3.7	3.5	5.6
Mining and logging	28	20	25	19	13	15	3.7	2.8	3.4	2.7	2.1	2.3
Construction	386	435	390	389	246	673	5.2	5.7	5.1	5.1	3.7	9.6
Manufacturing	340	311	334	299	326	426	2.6	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.8	3.6
Durable goods	191	174	196	159	161	167	2.4	2.2	2.4	2.0	2.3	2.3
Nondurable goods	149	137	138	140	166	259	3.1	2.9	2.9	2.9	3.8	5.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,169	1,220	1,221	1,137	1,025	1,200	4.2	4.4	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.8
Wholesale trade	164	138	153	136	117	141	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.3	2.1	2.5
Retail trade	766	818	812	764	723	805	4.9	5.2	5.2	4.9	5.4	5.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	239	264	256	237	185	254	3.9	4.2	4.1	3.8	3.3	4.5
Information	106	86	96	74	39	61	3.7	3.0	3.3	2.6	1.5	2.4
Financial activities	222	217	243	218	162	181	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.5	1.9	2.1
Finance and insurance	138	142	161	151	129	98	2.2	2.2	2.5	2.3	2.0	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	84	75	81	67	34	83	3.6	3.2	3.4	2.9	1.6	3.8
Professional and business services	1,132	1,163	1,104	1,103	800	867	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.1	4.2	4.5
Education and health services	677	753	762	663	545	1,040	2.8	3.1	3.1	2.7	2.5	4.7
Educational services	100	109	95	92	69	84	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.4	2.1	2.5
Health care and social assistance	578	644	667	571	477	956	2.8	3.1	3.2	2.8	2.6	5.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,064	1,126	1,091	673	490	1,345	6.4	6.7	6.5	4.1	5.7	13.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	165	176	168	127	31	122	6.8	7.1	6.8	5.2	2.7	10.4
Accommodation and food services	898	949	923	546	460	1,223	6.4	6.6	6.4	3.9	6.2	14.1
Other services	219	210	224	168	165	436	3.7	3.5	3.8	2.8	3.6	9.0
Government	344	381	375	367	235	244	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.1	1.2
Federal	35	45	51	58	46	41	1.2	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.6	1.4
State and local	309	336	324	309	189	203	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.0	1.1
State and local education	155	173	157	153	111	132	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.1	1.4
State and local, excluding education	154	163	167	156	78	70	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	0.9	0.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	923	948	960	869	534	945	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.1	2.2	3.9
South	2,247	2,343	2,321	1,998	1,584	2,224	4.1	4.2	4.2	3.6	3.3	4.6
Midwest	1,204	1,186	1,231	1,097	914	1,447	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.3	3.2	5.0
West	1,313	1,444	1,352	1,147	1,015	1,872	3.8	4.1	3.8	3.3	3.3	6.1
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and all regions' data in this table have been corrected for the month of January 2020.

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	5,547	5,713	5,595	14,643	9,975	4,145	3.7	3.8	3.7	9.7	7.6	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,211	5,382	5,244	14,243	9,536	3,857	4.1	4.2	4.0	11.1	8.8	3.5
Mining and logging	24	24	20	42	67	29	3.3	3.4	2.8	6.0	10.2	4.6
Construction	380	386	359	756	835	311	5.1	5.1	4.7	9.9	12.7	4.4
Manufacturing	336	331	318	804	762	284	2.6	2.6	2.5	6.3	6.6	2.4
Durable goods	190	184	183	474	511	173	2.4	2.3	2.3	5.9	7.2	2.4
Nondurable goods	146	147	135	329	251	111	3.1	3.1	2.8	6.9	5.8	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,147	1,220	1,221	2,408	1,953	929	4.1	4.4	4.4	8.7	8.0	3.7
Wholesale trade	152	137	155	252	281	179	2.6	2.3	2.6	4.2	5.1	3.2
Retail trade	766	830	812	1,654	1,267	516	4.9	5.3	5.2	10.6	9.5	3.8
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	229	253	254	502	405	234	3.7	4.1	4.1	8.1	7.2	4.2
Information	93	75	87	107	128	54	3.2	2.6	3.0	3.7	4.9	2.1
Financial activities	215	217	210	350	299	160	2.5	2.5	2.4	4.0	3.5	1.9
Finance and insurance	129	141	150	169	112	104	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.6	1.7	1.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	86	75	60	181	187	56	3.7	3.2	2.5	7.7	8.8	2.6
Professional and business services	1,123	1,151	1,073	1,714	1,359	819	5.3	5.3	5.0	8.0	7.1	4.2
Education and health services	635	701	699	1,747	1,323	535	2.6	2.9	2.8	7.1	6.1	2.4
Educational services	94	83	93	327	277	52	2.5	2.2	2.4	8.6	8.3	1.5
Health care and social assistance	541	617	606	1,420	1,046	483	2.7	3.0	2.9	6.9	5.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	1,045	1,090	1,036	5,345	1,989	619	6.3	6.5	6.1	32.7	23.2	6.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	172	172	157	599	314	103	7.1	6.9	6.3	24.5	27.2	8.8
Accommodation and food services	873	918	880	4,746	1,675	516	6.2	6.4	6.1	34.1	22.5	6.0
Other services	214	187	220	969	821	117	3.6	3.1	3.7	16.4	17.9	2.4
Government	336	331	351	400	439	288	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.8	2.0	1.4
Federal	34	48	41	39	39	67	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.4	1.3	2.3
State and local	302	283	311	361	400	220	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.8	2.1	1.2
State and local education	170	149	155	180	170	103	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.7	1.1
State and local, excluding education	132	134	156	181	230	117	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.9	2.6	1.3
REGION(3)
Northeast	883	913	888	2,807	1,851	704	3.2	3.3	3.2	10.1	7.7	2.9
South	2,097	2,255	2,097	4,978	3,429	1,704	3.8	4.0	3.8	9.0	7.2	3.5
Midwest	1,202	1,251	1,293	3,635	2,170	838	3.7	3.8	3.9	11.0	7.6	2.9
West	1,364	1,293	1,317	3,222	2,525	900	3.9	3.7	3.7	9.1	8.3	2.9
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and all regions' data in this table have been corrected for the month of January 2020.

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	3,486	3,575	3,436	2,789	1,877	2,067	2.3	2.3	2.3	1.8	1.4	1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,294	3,399	3,245	2,619	1,731	1,959	2.6	2.6	2.5	2.0	1.6	1.8
Mining and logging	13	14	12	9	6	8	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.3	0.9	1.3
Construction	163	165	153	130	86	109	2.2	2.2	2.0	1.7	1.3	1.5
Manufacturing	203	188	183	150	104	143	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.2	0.9	1.2
Durable goods	116	103	107	86	49	87	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.1	0.7	1.2
Nondurable goods	87	84	75	64	55	56	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	774	831	794	607	447	510	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.2	1.8	2.1
Wholesale trade	97	86	101	93	52	66	1.6	1.4	1.7	1.6	0.9	1.2
Retail trade	538	597	546	386	305	327	3.4	3.8	3.5	2.5	2.3	2.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	139	148	147	129	90	117	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.1	1.6	2.1
Information	51	40	50	35	28	19	1.8	1.4	1.7	1.2	1.1	0.8
Financial activities	135	145	123	93	70	88	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.0
Finance and insurance	83	89	88	70	48	70	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	51	57	35	23	21	19	2.2	2.4	1.5	1.0	1.0	0.9
Professional and business services	638	684	628	561	337	398	3.0	3.2	2.9	2.6	1.7	2.1
Education and health services	412	476	478	426	356	300	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.3
Educational services	48	55	58	50	43	21	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.3	0.6
Health care and social assistance	364	421	420	376	313	279	1.8	2.0	2.0	1.8	1.7	1.5
Leisure and hospitality	761	758	699	534	255	342	4.6	4.5	4.2	3.3	3.0	3.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	73	79	77	52	30	29	3.0	3.2	3.1	2.1	2.6	2.5
Accommodation and food services	688	679	622	483	225	313	4.9	4.7	4.3	3.5	3.0	3.6
Other services	144	98	125	74	44	41	2.4	1.6	2.1	1.3	1.0	0.8
Government	192	176	191	170	146	108	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7	0.5
Federal	15	19	19	17	15	28	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.5	1.0
State and local	177	156	172	152	130	80	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.4
State and local education	99	83	90	79	69	43	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.5
State and local, excluding education	78	73	82	73	62	37	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.4
REGION(4)
Northeast	492	493	494	404	275	250	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.5	1.1	1.0
South	1,403	1,494	1,347	1,098	791	981	2.5	2.7	2.4	2.0	1.7	2.0
Midwest	788	798	783	654	418	408	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.0	1.5	1.4
West	803	790	812	633	394	427	2.3	2.2	2.3	1.8	1.3	1.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and all regions' data in this table have been corrected for the month of January 2020.

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	1,764	1,749	1,846	11,489	7,708	1,796	1.2	1.1	1.2	7.6	5.9	1.4
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,678	1,659	1,752	11,316	7,481	1,672	1.3	1.3	1.4	8.8	6.9	1.5
Mining and logging	10	9	6	32	59	19	1.4	1.2	0.8	4.5	9.1	2.9
Construction	207	194	202	604	709	192	2.8	2.6	2.6	7.9	10.8	2.7
Manufacturing	114	115	113	632	635	118	0.9	0.9	0.9	4.9	5.5	1.0
Durable goods	61	64	63	374	447	72	0.8	0.8	0.8	4.7	6.3	1.0
Nondurable goods	53	51	49	257	188	45	1.1	1.1	1.0	5.4	4.3	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	316	325	363	1,730	1,458	382	1.1	1.2	1.3	6.2	6.0	1.5
Wholesale trade(3)	45	47	47	154	220	100	0.8	0.8	0.8	2.6	4.0	1.8
Retail trade	196	193	224	1,226	940	182	1.3	1.2	1.4	7.8	7.1	1.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	76	85	91	350	297	100	1.2	1.4	1.5	5.6	5.3	1.8
Information	37	24	32	64	97	29	1.3	0.8	1.1	2.2	3.7	1.1
Financial activities	56	40	67	228	208	58	0.6	0.5	0.8	2.6	2.4	0.7
Finance and insurance	23	31	42	77	53	26	0.4	0.5	0.7	1.2	0.8	0.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	33	9	25	151	156	33	1.4	0.4	1.0	6.4	7.3	1.5
Professional and business services	441	413	392	1,086	904	352	2.1	1.9	1.8	5.1	4.7	1.8
Education and health services	178	160	167	1,274	918	187	0.7	0.7	0.7	5.2	4.2	0.8
Educational services	40	22	30	272	227	23	1.1	0.6	0.8	7.2	6.8	0.7
Health care and social assistance	138	139	136	1,001	691	164	0.7	0.7	0.7	4.8	3.7	0.9
Leisure and hospitality	255	295	318	4,783	1,722	262	1.5	1.8	1.9	29.2	20.1	2.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	96	90	77	545	281	73	4.0	3.6	3.1	22.3	24.3	6.2
Accommodation and food services	159	205	240	4,238	1,441	190	1.1	1.4	1.7	30.4	19.4	2.2
Other services	65	84	93	884	770	72	1.1	1.4	1.6	15.0	16.8	1.5
Government	86	90	95	173	227	124	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.8	1.0	0.6
Federal	7	16	8	9	12	28	0.3	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.4	1.0
State and local	78	74	86	164	215	97	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.8	1.1	0.5
State and local education	47	41	42	79	78	38	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.8	0.8	0.4
State and local, excluding education	31	33	44	85	137	59	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.9	1.5	0.7
REGION(4)
Northeast	335	356	348	2,348	1,509	395	1.2	1.3	1.2	8.4	6.3	1.6
South	579	604	624	3,747	2,510	620	1.0	1.1	1.1	6.7	5.3	1.3
Midwest	352	384	440	2,898	1,650	380	1.1	1.2	1.3	8.8	5.8	1.3
West	498	405	435	2,496	2,039	401	1.4	1.1	1.2	7.1	6.7	1.3
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and all regions' data in this table have been corrected for the month of January 2020.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)						Rates(2)
	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Jan. 2020	Feb. 2020	Mar. 2020	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	297	389	313	366	390	282	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	239	323	247	308	324	226	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mining and logging	1	2	2	2	2	2	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.4
Construction(3)	10	27	5	22	40	10	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.3	0.6	0.1
Manufacturing	19	28	23	22	23	24	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	13	16	13	14	14	14	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods(3)	6	12	10	9	8	10	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	56	64	64	71	48	37	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.1
Wholesale trade	10	5	6	5	9	12	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	33	40	42	42	21	8	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities(3)	14	19	16	24	18	17	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3
Information(3)	5	11	5	8	3	5	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.2
Financial activities	24	31	19	30	21	14	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2
Finance and insurance	22	22	19	22	11	9	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing(3)	2	9	1	7	10	5	0.1	0.4	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.2
Professional and business services	44	54	53	67	119	69	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.6	0.4
Education and health services	46	65	55	47	50	48	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	6	7	4	4	7	8	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2
Health care and social assistance(3)	40	58	51	43	43	40	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	29	37	19	28	12	15	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation(3)	3	3	2	2	3	1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.1
Accommodation and food services(3)	26	34	17	26	9	14	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other services(3)	5	5	2	11	7	4	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.1
Government	58	65	66	58	66	55	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	11	13	14	12	11	11	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	47	53	52	46	55	44	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.2
State and local education	24	25	23	22	23	22	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
State and local, excluding education	23	28	29	24	31	22	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
REGION(4)
Northeast	56	65	46	56	68	58	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	116	157	126	133	129	103	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
Midwest	62	70	70	83	102	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.2
West	64	97	71	93	92	71	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted series. (4) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero. NOTE: Total nonfarm, government, federal government, and all regions' data in this table have been corrected for the month of January 2020.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	7,245	5,305	5,266	4.6	3.9	3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private	6,545	4,658	4,621	4.9	4.1	4.0
Mining and logging	29	10	11	3.8	1.5	1.7
Construction	373	247	365	4.7	3.7	4.9
Manufacturing	482	315	328	3.6	2.7	2.7
Durable goods	293	170	180	3.5	2.3	2.4
Nondurable goods	189	146	148	3.8	3.3	3.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,249	824	937	4.3	3.3	3.6
Wholesale trade	214	157	139	3.5	2.8	2.4
Retail trade	713	450	623	4.4	3.3	4.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	323	217	175	5.0	3.8	3.0
Information	127	132	77	4.3	4.8	2.9
Financial activities	348	275	224	3.8	3.1	2.5
Finance and insurance	248	210	171	3.7	3.2	2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	100	66	54	4.1	3.0	2.4
Professional and business services	1,269	1,027	947	5.6	5.1	4.7
Education and health services	1,319	1,168	935	5.2	5.0	4.0
Educational services	130	102	75	3.3	2.8	2.2
Health care and social assistance	1,188	1,066	859	5.5	5.4	4.4
Leisure and hospitality	1,073	497	599	6.0	5.5	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	144	85	97	5.4	7.0	7.4
Accommodation and food services	929	412	502	6.1	5.3	5.4
Other services	276	162	198	4.5	3.4	3.9
Government	700	647	645	3.0	2.8	2.9
Federal	111	114	77	3.8	3.8	2.6
State and local	589	533	568	2.9	2.7	3.0
State and local education	209	177	201	1.9	1.7	2.0
State and local, excluding education	380	356	367	3.9	3.8	4.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,249	997	943	4.3	4.0	3.7
South	2,673	1,994	2,023	4.6	4.0	4.0
Midwest	1,694	1,114	1,117	4.9	3.8	3.7
West	1,628	1,200	1,183	4.4	3.8	3.7
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	6,318	4,320	7,052	4.2	3.3	5.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,949	4,165	6,791	4.6	3.8	6.1
Mining and logging	29	17	16	3.9	2.6	2.5
Construction	488	380	769	6.5	5.9	10.8
Manufacturing	377	331	462	2.9	2.9	4.0
Durable goods	218	160	192	2.7	2.3	2.7
Nondurable goods	159	171	269	3.3	4.0	6.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,213	967	1,257	4.4	4.0	5.1
Wholesale trade	163	118	142	2.8	2.1	2.6
Retail trade	828	697	879	5.3	5.3	6.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	221	152	235	3.6	2.7	4.2
Information	114	37	65	4.0	1.4	2.5
Financial activities	250	174	206	2.9	2.0	2.4
Finance and insurance	154	123	109	2.4	1.9	1.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	96	51	96	4.2	2.4	4.5
Professional and business services	1,205	918	935	5.7	4.8	4.8
Education and health services	642	535	1,008	2.7	2.4	4.5
Educational services	79	44	60	2.1	1.2	1.8
Health care and social assistance	563	491	947	2.8	2.7	5.0
Leisure and hospitality	1,344	622	1,575	8.0	7.3	15.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	266	46	188	10.7	4.1	15.6
Accommodation and food services	1,078	576	1,386	7.5	7.8	15.8
Other services	287	185	500	4.9	4.1	10.3
Government	369	156	261	1.6	0.7	1.2
Federal	40	45	46	1.4	1.6	1.6
State and local	329	110	215	1.6	0.6	1.2
State and local education	103	30	71	1.0	0.3	0.7
State and local, excluding education	226	81	144	2.4	0.9	1.6
REGION(3)
Northeast	1,085	614	1,112	3.9	2.6	4.5
South	2,390	1,625	2,297	4.3	3.4	4.7
Midwest	1,440	1,009	1,692	4.4	3.5	5.8
West	1,403	1,072	1,950	4.0	3.6	6.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	5,602	9,670	4,041	3.7	7.4	3.0
INDUSTRY
Total private	5,199	9,345	3,694	4.1	8.6	3.3
Mining and logging	23	66	26	3.1	10.3	4.2
Construction	363	800	277	4.8	12.3	3.9
Manufacturing	343	763	282	2.7	6.7	2.4
Durable goods	191	518	172	2.4	7.3	2.4
Nondurable goods	151	245	110	3.2	5.7	2.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	1,119	1,865	889	4.1	7.7	3.6
Wholesale trade	147	287	173	2.5	5.2	3.1
Retail trade	770	1,202	500	5.0	9.1	3.7
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	201	376	216	3.3	6.8	3.9
Information	91	126	50	3.2	4.8	1.9
Financial activities	212	304	152	2.4	3.6	1.8
Finance and insurance	127	117	95	2.0	1.8	1.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	85	187	57	3.7	8.9	2.6
Professional and business services	1,150	1,375	850	5.4	7.2	4.4
Education and health services	668	1,280	551	2.8	5.8	2.5
Educational services	127	247	78	3.4	7.1	2.3
Health care and social assistance	541	1,032	473	2.7	5.6	2.5
Leisure and hospitality	1,015	1,954	504	6.0	22.9	5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	129	294	50	5.2	26.1	4.1
Accommodation and food services	885	1,660	454	6.2	22.5	5.2
Other services	216	811	114	3.7	17.7	2.3
Government	403	325	348	1.8	1.5	1.6
Federal	29	33	63	1.0	1.2	2.2
State and local	374	292	285	1.9	1.5	1.5
State and local education	248	96	178	2.3	0.9	1.8
State and local, excluding education	125	196	107	1.4	2.2	1.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	817	1,771	628	3.0	7.4	2.6
South	2,202	3,330	1,699	4.0	7.0	3.5
Midwest	1,203	2,067	826	3.7	7.3	2.8
West	1,380	2,502	889	3.9	8.3	2.9
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	3,613	1,744	2,082	2.4	1.3	1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,373	1,650	1,927	2.6	1.5	1.7
Mining and logging	14	6	8	1.9	1.0	1.2
Construction	159	77	92	2.1	1.2	1.3
Manufacturing	217	109	146	1.7	1.0	1.2
Durable goods	122	59	89	1.5	0.8	1.2
Nondurable goods	95	50	57	2.0	1.2	1.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	798	417	517	2.9	1.7	2.1
Wholesale trade	97	58	64	1.6	1.1	1.1
Retail trade	571	267	347	3.7	2.0	2.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	129	92	106	2.1	1.6	1.9
Information	53	26	20	1.9	1.0	0.8
Financial activities	137	67	90	1.6	0.8	1.1
Finance and insurance	86	46	71	1.3	0.7	1.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	51	21	19	2.2	1.0	0.9
Professional and business services	647	341	412	3.0	1.8	2.1
Education and health services	415	331	280	1.7	1.5	1.3
Educational services	51	28	22	1.3	0.8	0.7
Health care and social assistance	364	304	257	1.8	1.6	1.4
Leisure and hospitality	785	236	322	4.7	2.8	3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	66	11	15	2.6	1.0	1.2
Accommodation and food services	719	225	308	5.0	3.0	3.5
Other services	149	40	40	2.5	0.9	0.8
Government	240	94	155	1.0	0.4	0.7
Federal	15	14	27	0.5	0.5	1.0
State and local	225	80	127	1.1	0.4	0.7
State and local education	138	27	81	1.3	0.3	0.8
State and local, excluding education	87	53	47	0.9	0.6	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	503	240	243	1.8	1.0	1.0
South	1,458	737	957	2.6	1.5	2.0
Midwest	830	381	443	2.5	1.3	1.5
West	822	386	438	2.3	1.3	1.4
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	1,689	7,560	1,670	1.1	5.8	1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,588	7,381	1,535	1.2	6.8	1.4
Mining and logging	8	58	16	1.1	9.1	2.6
Construction	193	683	174	2.6	10.5	2.4
Manufacturing	107	631	114	0.8	5.5	1.0
Durable goods	57	444	70	0.7	6.2	1.0
Nondurable goods	50	187	43	1.1	4.3	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	262	1,404	330	1.0	5.8	1.3
Wholesale trade	45	220	100	0.8	4.0	1.8
Retail trade	160	918	137	1.0	7.0	1.0
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	58	267	93	0.9	4.8	1.7
Information	33	97	25	1.2	3.7	1.0
Financial activities	50	214	51	0.6	2.5	0.6
Finance and insurance	18	58	17	0.3	0.9	0.3
Real estate and rental and leasing	31	156	33	1.4	7.4	1.5
Professional and business services	464	923	369	2.2	4.8	1.9
Education and health services	206	900	221	0.9	4.1	1.0
Educational services	69	214	46	1.8	6.1	1.4
Health care and social assistance	137	686	175	0.7	3.7	0.9
Leisure and hospitality	201	1,706	167	1.2	20.0	1.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	60	280	34	2.4	24.8	2.8
Accommodation and food services	141	1,426	132	1.0	19.3	1.5
Other services	63	764	70	1.1	16.7	1.4
Government	101	179	135	0.4	0.8	0.6
Federal	5	9	26	0.2	0.3	0.9
State and local	96	169	109	0.5	0.9	0.6
State and local education	79	55	67	0.7	0.5	0.7
State and local, excluding education	18	114	42	0.2	1.3	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	264	1,463	330	1.0	6.1	1.3
South	623	2,478	635	1.1	5.2	1.3
Midwest	307	1,593	326	0.9	5.6	1.1
West	495	2,026	380	1.4	6.7	1.2
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)	May 2019	Apr. 2020	May 2020(p)
Total	299	366	289	0.2	0.3	0.2
INDUSTRY
Total private	237	314	231	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mining and logging	1	2	2	0.1	0.2	0.4
Construction	10	40	10	0.1	0.6	0.1
Manufacturing	19	24	23	0.1	0.2	0.2
Durable goods	12	15	13	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nondurable goods	6	8	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	58	44	42	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wholesale trade	5	9	9	0.1	0.2	0.2
Retail trade	39	17	16	0.3	0.1	0.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	14	18	17	0.2	0.3	0.3
Information	5	3	5	0.2	0.1	0.2
Financial activities	25	23	11	0.3	0.3	0.1
Finance and insurance	23	13	7	0.4	0.2	0.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	2	10	5	0.1	0.5	0.2
Professional and business services	38	111	69	0.2	0.6	0.4
Education and health services	47	48	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Educational services	7	6	10	0.2	0.2	0.3
Health care and social assistance	40	43	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Leisure and hospitality	29	12	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	3	1	0.1	0.3	0.1
Accommodation and food services	26	9	14	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other services	5	7	4	0.1	0.2	0.1
Government	62	52	58	0.3	0.2	0.3
Federal	10	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	52	42	48	0.3	0.2	0.3
State and local education	32	13	30	0.3	0.1	0.3
State and local, excluding education	21	29	19	0.2	0.3	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	50	68	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
South	120	114	107	0.2	0.2	0.2
Midwest	66	93	57	0.2	0.3	0.2
West	63	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.