Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                                      USDL-18-1630
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                             U.S. IMPORT AND EXPORT PRICE INDEXES - SEPTEMBER 2018                              

Prices for U.S. imports increased 0.5 percent in September, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today, after declining 0.4 percent in August and 0.1 percent in July. The September advance was led by 
higher fuel prices. U.S. export prices recorded no change in September following declines of 0.2 percent and 
0.5 percent the previous 2 months. 

Imports

Import prices advanced 0.5 percent in September, the first monthly increase since a 0.9-percent rise in May. 
The upturn reversed the declines in each of the previous 2 months. Prices for overall imports rose 3.5 
percent from September 2017 to September 2018 and have not recorded an over-the-year decrease since the 
index fell 0.2 percent in October 2016. (See table 1.)  

Fuel Imports: The price index for import fuels increased 3.8 percent in September, after declining 2.2 
percent in August. The September advance was the largest monthly rise since a 6.1-percent increase in May 
and was led by higher petroleum prices which more than offset lower natural gas prices. Prices for 
petroleum increased 4.1 percent in September following a 2.3-percent decline the previous month. In 
contrast, natural gas prices fell 4.0 percent, after decreasing 3.9 percent in August. Fuel prices increased 
30.0 percent for the year ended in September, driven by a 32.1-percent advance in petroleum prices. The 
price index for natural gas fell 1.3 percent over the past 12 months.  

All Imports Excluding Fuel: Prices for nonfuel imports recorded no change in September, after a 0.2-
percent decline in August. Higher foods, feeds, and beverages prices in September offset decreasing prices 
for nonfuel industrial supplies and materials and consumer goods. The price index for nonfuel imports 
increased 0.6 percent over the past 12 months. The over-the-year advance was driven mostly by a 4.3-
percent rise in nonfuel industrial supplies and materials, although higher prices for consumer goods and 
automotive vehicles also contributed to the increase. In contrast, prices for foods, feeds, and beverages fell 
over the same period and prices for capital goods recorded no change.   

Nonfuel Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonfuel industrial supplies and materials prices decreased 0.4 
percent in September following a 0.9-percent drop the previous month. The September decrease was driven 
by a 1.4-percent decline in unfinished metals prices and a 1.2-percent drop in prices for selected building 
materials.   

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly flat during September. Consumer goods prices edged 
down 0.1 percent and the price indexes for capital goods and automotive vehicles both recorded no change.  

Foods, Feeds, and Beverages: Import prices for foods, feeds, and beverages advanced 2.0 percent in 
September, after a 0.3-percent increase in August. The September advance was led by a 13.7-percent rise in 
fruit prices and a 4.5-percent increase in vegetable prices.


Table A. Percent change in Import and Export Price Indexes, selected categories

Month	IMPORTS			EXPORTS
	All imports	Fuel imports	Nonfuel imports	All exports	Agri- cultural exports	Non- agricultural exports
2017
September	0.8	5.7	0.3	0.8	-0.7	0.9
October	0.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	2.0	-0.1
November	1.0	9.8	0.0	0.5	-0.7	0.7
December	0.2	3.3	-0.2	0.1	-0.3	0.0
2018
January	0.8	3.3	0.5	0.7	0.0	0.8
February	0.2	-1.8	0.4	0.2	0.6	0.2
March	-0.2	-2.6	0.1	0.4	3.2	0.1
April	0.5	4.0	0.1	0.5	-1.1	0.7
May	0.9	6.1	0.2	0.7	1.6	0.6
June	(r)0.0	2.6	-0.3	0.2	-1.0	(r)0.3
July	-0.1	(r)0.7	(r)-0.2	-0.5	-5.2	(r)0.1
August	(r)-0.4	(r)-2.2	(r)-0.2	(r)-0.2	(r)0.3	-0.2
September	0.5	3.8	0.0	0.0	-1.4	0.2
Sept. 2016 to 2017	2.7	19.4	1.3	2.8	2.1	2.8
Sept. 2017 to 2018	3.5	30.0	0.6	2.7	-2.3	3.3
Footnotes (r) Revised

Exports 

U.S. export prices recorded no change in September following declines in each of the previous 2 months. 
Those were the first monthly decreases since June 2017. In September, lower agricultural prices offset 
increasing nonagricultural prices. Despite decreasing over the past quarter, prices for U.S. exports advanced 
2.7 percent for the year ended in September. (See table 2.)  

Agricultural Exports: Agricultural export prices fell 1.4 percent in September, after rising 0.3 percent in 
August and declining 5.2 percent in July. Overall, agricultural prices decreased 6.2 percent in the third 
quarter of 2018. The drop in agricultural prices in September and over the past 3 months was driven by 
lower soybean prices which fell 18.8 percent from June to September. The price index for agricultural 
exports decreased 2.3 percent over the past year. Declining prices for soybeans, fruits, meat, and nuts all 
contributed to the 12-month decrease.    

All Exports Excluding Agriculture: Prices for nonagricultural exports rose 0.2 percent in September 
following a 0.2-percent decline the previous month. Higher prices for nonagricultural industrial supplies and 
materials; capital goods; automotive vehicles; and nonagricultural foods all contributed to the September 
advance in nonagricultural prices. The price index for nonagricultural exports increased 3.3 percent over the 
past 12 months and has not recorded an over-the-year decline since November 2016. 

Nonagricultural Industrial Supplies and Materials: Nonagricultural industrial supplies and materials prices 
advanced 0.2 percent in September, after falling 0.7 percent in August. The increase was led by higher 
prices for fuel, chemicals, and iron and steel mill products, which more than offset lower nonferrous metals 
prices. 

Finished Goods: Finished goods prices were mostly up in September. The price indexes for capital goods 
and automotive vehicles each edged up 0.1 percent and consumer goods prices recorded no change. The rise 
in capital goods prices in September was driven by higher prices for computer peripherals and the increase 
in prices for automotive vehicles was led by a 0.1-percent advance in passenger cars prices.

Measures of Import and Export Prices by Locality

Imports by Locality of Origin: Import prices from China edged down 0.1 percent for the third consecutive 
month in September. Despite the declines, the price index for imports from China advanced 0.4 percent 
from September 2017 to September 2018. Prices for imports from Japan decreased 0.2 percent in 
September, after recording no change the previous month. The September decline was the largest monthly 
drop since the index fell 0.3 percent in October 2017. Import prices from the European Union also 
decreased in September, declining 0.2 percent following a 0.1-percent drop in August. In contrast, prices for 
imports from Canada and Mexico increased 0.7 percent and 0.9 percent, respectively. Higher fuel prices 
factored into both advances. (See table 7.)

Exports by Locality of Destination: Export prices to China decreased 1.7 percent in September, after 
falling 0.2 percent in August and 2.2 percent in July. The index has not recorded a monthly advance since 
May. Prices for exports to Japan fell 0.5 percent in September and have not recorded a monthly increase 
since a 1.4-percent advance in February. The price index for exports to Mexico edged down 0.1 percent in 
September following 0.1-percent increases in August and July. In contrast, export prices to Canada rose 0.4 
percent, after advancing 0.2 percent the previous month. The September rise was the largest monthly 
increase since a 0.8-percent advance in May. The price index for exports to the European Union recorded no 
change, after edging down 0.1 percent in each of the previous 3 months. (See table 8.)     

Terms of Trade Indexes: Terms of Trade indexes are based on the country, region, or grouping and 
measure the change in the purchasing power of exports relative to imports. The U.S. terms of trade index 
with China fell 1.6 percent in September following a 0.1-percent decline in August and a 2.1-percent drop in 
July. The decreases over the past 3 months were driven by the drop in export prices to China which were 
greater than the declines in import prices from China. The index for U.S. terms of trade with Japan declined 
0.3 percent for the second consecutive month, after falling 1.3 percent in July. The U.S. terms of trade also 
declined with Canada and Mexico in September, falling 0.4 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively. In 
contrast, the index for U.S. terms of trade with the European Union increased 0.3 percent in September 
following 0.1-percent declines the previous 2 months. The September increase resulted from lower import 
prices from the European Union. (See table 9.)

Import and Export Services

Imports: The index for import air passenger fares increased 10.7 percent in September, the largest monthly 
advance since the index rose 10.7 percent in June 2013. The last time the index increased by more than 10.7 
percent was a 13.0-percent rise in June 2009. The September advance was led by a 20.3-percent increase in 
European fares. Import air passenger fares rose 5.7 percent over the past year, the largest 12-month advance 
since a 7.9-percent increase in April. Import air freight prices rose 0.8 percent in September and 3.3 percent 
over the past 12 months. (See table 10.)  

Exports: Export air passenger fares declined 2.8 percent in September following a 3.7-percent drop the 
previous month. The September decrease was driven by a 7.1-percent decline in Asian fares. Despite the 
recent decreases, the index for export air passenger fares increased 2.4 percent from September 2017 to 
September 2018. Prices for export air freight rose 0.5 percent in September and 3.4 percent over the past 
year.           
		
Import and Export Price Index data for October are scheduled for release on Thursday, November 15, 2018 at 
8:30 a.m. (EST).

Table 1. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to September 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
All commodities		100.000	127.6	128.2	3.5	0.0	-0.1	-0.4	0.5
All imports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		82.530	100.4	100.3	1.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
All imports excluding petroleum		89.014	113.2	113.2	0.6	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
All imports excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		88.387	117.4	117.4	0.6	-0.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	5.857	175.9	179.5	-3.2	-2.7	-1.5	0.3	2.0
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	4.571	191.7	196.2	-4.4	-2.9	-2.1	0.6	2.3
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	1.287	140.7	142.0	1.3	-1.9	0.7	-0.4	0.9
Industrial supplies & materials	1	25.910	197.3	200.3	14.8	1.3	-0.3	-1.5	1.5
Industrial supplies & materials excluding petroleum		14.983	157.0	156.2	4.1	0.2	-0.8	-0.9	-0.5
Industrial supplies & materials excluding fuels (Dec. 2001=100)		14.286	179.5	178.7	4.3	0.2	-1.1	-0.9	-0.4
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		9.062	170.2	168.9	2.9	0.3	-1.6	-1.4	-0.8
Industrial supplies & materials nondurable excluding petroleum		5.862	140.3	140.3	5.9	-0.1	0.4	-0.3	0.0
Fuels & lubricants	10	11.613	226.9	235.5	30.0	2.6	0.7	-2.2	3.8
Petroleum & petroleum products	100	10.986	250.7	261.1	32.1	2.8	0.5	-2.3	4.1
Crude	10000	7.860	262.5	278.0	39.7	2.0	0.6	-3.5	5.9
Fuels, n.e.s.-coals & gas	101	0.445	88.2	85.8	1.4	-1.6	8.0	-2.5	-2.7
Gas-natural	10110	0.299	69.3	66.5	-1.3	-5.4	21.2	-3.9	-4.0
Paper & paper base stocks	11	0.591	121.5	121.4	12.8	1.5	1.4	1.0	-0.1
Materials associated with nondurable supplies & materials	12	4.706	162.2	162.5	5.7	-0.2	-0.4	-0.2	0.2
Selected building materials	13	1.649	155.4	153.6	2.8	0.4	-2.0	-2.6	-1.2
Unfinished metals related to durable goods	14	3.864	234.1	230.9	2.1	0.6	-2.7	-2.0	-1.4
Finished metals related to durable goods	15	1.794	160.8	160.5	3.4	-0.7	-0.5	-1.1	-0.2
Nonmetals related to durable goods	16	1.694	114.4	114.7	4.4	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.3
Capital goods	2	26.497	89.3	89.3	0.0	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Electric generating equipment	20	3.230	118.1	118.1	0.9	-0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nonelectrical machinery	21	21.046	81.7	81.7	-0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	2.221	134.7	134.5	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	-0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	15.701	110.4	110.4	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	26.034	107.6	107.5	0.6	-0.3	0.3	0.0	-0.1
Nondurables, manufactured	40	12.867	123.8	123.9	2.0	-0.1	0.9	0.0	0.1
Durables, manufactured	41	11.883	92.6	92.5	-0.6	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Nonmanufactured consumer goods	42	-	114.9	-	-	-2.1	-1.0	1.0	-
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 2. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to September 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	End Use	Relative import- ance Aug. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
All commodities		100.000	127.2	127.2	2.7	0.2	-0.5	-0.2	0.0
Agricultural commodities		9.587	175.2	172.8	-2.3	-1.0	-5.2	0.3	-1.4
All exports excluding food and fuels (Dec. 2010=100)		80.690	101.5	101.4	1.8	0.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1
Nonagricultural commodities		90.413	123.5	123.7	3.3	0.3	0.1	-0.2	0.2
Foods, feeds, & beverages	0	8.986	177.1	174.6	-2.6	-1.0	-4.6	0.4	-1.4
Agricultural foods, feeds & beverages, excluding distilled beverages	00	8.349	175.1	172.3	-3.4	-0.9	-5.2	0.4	-1.6
Nonagricultural foods (fish, distilled beverages)	01	0.637	215.9	218.4	8.2	-3.0	2.6	0.9	1.2
Industrial supplies & materials	1	31.956	162.7	163.1	6.6	0.9	-0.2	-0.7	0.2
Industrial supplies & materials, durable		10.215	163.2	162.2	-0.2	0.4	-1.2	-2.2	-0.6
Industrial supplies & materials, nondurable		21.742	162.8	163.8	10.2	1.1	0.3	0.0	0.6
Agricultural industrial supplies & materials	10	1.238	181.8	182.1	4.7	-2.2	-4.9	-0.4	0.2
Nonagricultural industrial supplies & materials		30.719	162.2	162.5	6.7	0.9	0.0	-0.7	0.2
Fuels & lubricants	11	10.324	206.2	208.9	14.8	2.4	0.7	0.1	1.3
Nonagricultural supplies & materials excluding fuels & building materials	12	19.380	159.3	158.8	3.0	0.3	-0.4	-1.1	-0.3
Selected building materials	13	1.015	123.7	123.1	1.3	0.4	0.2	-1.2	-0.5
Capital goods	2	36.540	110.0	110.1	1.9	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Electrical generating equipment	20	3.917	118.0	117.8	4.1	0.4	-0.5	1.0	-0.2
Nonelectrical machinery	21	23.488	94.9	95.0	1.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Transportation equipment excluding motor vehicles (Dec. 2001=100)	22	9.135	176.6	176.8	3.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.1
Automotive vehicles, parts & engines	3	10.055	114.1	114.2	0.7	-0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.1
Consumer goods, excluding automotives	4	12.462	109.8	109.8	0.5	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Nondurables, manufactured	40	6.068	106.6	106.6	1.2	-0.5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Durables, manufactured	41	4.961	107.5	107.5	-0.3	0.3	0.0	-0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 3. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2017 to September 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
Nonmanufacturing		10.226	117.7	124.1	24.8	-0.2	0.3	-2.5	5.4
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	1.838	168.6	178.8	-8.9	-7.5	-4.1	2.2	6.0
Crop production	111	1.461	177.7	191.2	-10.7	-8.4	-5.1	2.5	7.6
Animal production (Dec. 2014=100)	112	0.187	75.8	75.8	0.4	-4.2	-0.9	-0.3	0.0
Mining	21	8.388	113.3	119.4	35.8	1.7	1.2	-3.4	5.4
Oil and gas extraction	211	8.150	113.6	119.9	37.2	1.7	1.2	-3.5	5.5
Manufacturing		89.497	112.3	112.2	1.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	11.250	124.8	124.9	0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.1
Food manufacturing	311	3.355	155.1	155.3	-1.0	-1.3	-0.8	-0.2	0.1
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	1.098	121.9	121.8	2.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Textile mills (Dec. 2011=100)	313	0.381	100.0	100.3	0.9	-0.3	0.2	0.0	0.3
Textile product mills	314	0.917	109.7	109.0	-0.3	-0.3	0.0	0.3	-0.6
Apparel manufacturing	315	3.833	111.6	111.8	0.5	0.3	-0.1	0.0	0.2
Leather and allied product manufacturing	316	1.666	123.5	123.4	0.7	0.1	0.1	0.0	-0.1
Manufacturing, part 2	32	18.598	129.5	129.4	6.2	0.9	0.3	0.1	-0.1
Wood product manufacturing	321	1.026	138.6	136.6	4.0	0.5	-2.9	-3.8	-1.4
Paper manufacturing	322	1.079	115.5	115.3	9.5	2.0	1.5	1.7	-0.2
Printing and related support activities (Dec. 2016=100)	323	0.218	105.3	108.1	9.3	2.9	1.0	0.6	2.7
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	2.865	105.0	104.6	16.1	5.6	-0.1	1.0	-0.4
Chemical manufacturing	325	10.232	141.8	142.0	5.0	-0.4	0.8	0.1	0.1
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.188	119.6	119.5	0.9	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.989	131.2	131.2	2.3	0.5	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Manufacturing, part 3	33	59.650	104.5	104.4	0.2	-0.1	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Primary metal manufacturing	331	4.406	155.3	153.6	2.9	0.1	-2.4	-2.0	-1.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.091	127.8	127.8	2.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	0.0
Machinery manufacturing	333	6.745	118.7	118.6	0.7	-0.3	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	16.798	74.9	74.8	-1.2	-0.3	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	4.891	116.2	116.0	0.7	-0.2	0.2	0.1	-0.2
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	16.663	109.4	109.5	0.2	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing	337	1.773	117.5	117.5	1.6	0.3	0.0	0.3	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.284	118.3	118.0	0.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.4	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 4. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected industries: September 2017 to September 2018 [December 2005=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	NAICS	Relative import- ance Aug. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
Nonmanufacturing		8.329	137.9	136.5	2.5	1.1	-5.6	1.2	-1.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	11	4.914	150.0	145.6	-3.4	-1.8	-8.7	1.6	-2.9
Crop production	111	4.547	156.2	151.1	-3.5	-1.7	-9.0	2.0	-3.3
Mining	21	3.415	94.2	95.8	11.7	5.9	-1.0	0.7	1.7
Mining (except oil and gas)	212	1.102	109.3	107.9	1.2	-0.5	-0.8	-3.5	-1.3
Manufacturing		90.164	117.2	117.3	3.0	0.1	0.1	-0.2	0.1
Manufacturing, part 1	31	6.858	139.1	139.5	0.3	-0.2	-0.8	-0.7	0.3
Food manufacturing	311	4.661	156.2	156.2	-1.1	-0.3	-0.7	-0.8	0.0
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing	312	0.679	118.6	120.7	5.0	-1.2	-3.6	-1.8	1.8
Textile mills (Dec. 2016=100)	313	0.647	105.8	105.4	4.3	1.1	0.5	0.4	-0.4
Leather and allied product manufacturing (Dec. 2016=100)	316	0.259	94.0	94.2	-2.2	-0.8	-0.6	-0.3	0.2
Manufacturing, part 2	32	25.808	119.5	119.8	7.5	0.2	0.6	-0.2	0.3
Wood product manufacturing (Dec. 2017=100)	321	0.538	103.5	102.7	-	0.2	-0.5	-0.6	-0.8
Paper manufacturing	322	1.712	131.8	131.6	8.3	0.2	0.8	-0.2	-0.2
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing	324	6.918	122.6	123.9	16.4	0.3	1.6	-0.8	1.1
Chemical manufacturing	325	13.332	120.0	120.0	4.7	-0.1	0.3	0.1	0.0
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing	326	2.237	116.1	115.9	1.3	1.0	-0.2	0.1	-0.2
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing	327	0.827	116.7	117.0	2.4	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.3
Manufacturing, part 3	33	57.498	114.0	114.0	1.4	0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Primary metal manufacturing	331	3.821	141.8	141.7	-0.4	0.3	-2.0	-2.1	-0.1
Fabricated metal product manufacturing	332	3.040	140.9	141.0	2.1	0.1	0.4	-0.1	0.1
Machinery manufacturing	333	8.959	127.7	127.6	1.4	0.1	0.1	0.3	-0.1
Computer and electronic product manufacturing	334	13.958	83.3	83.4	0.8	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing	335	3.868	118.4	118.4	4.2	0.5	-0.3	0.6	0.0
Transportation equipment manufacturing	336	18.099	127.0	127.1	1.9	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Furniture and related product manufacturing (Dec. 2011=100)	337	0.404	120.7	120.7	2.7	0.3	1.4	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing	339	5.349	120.5	120.3	0.8	0.4	0.0	0.0	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 5. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to September 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative importance Aug. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
Live animals; animal products	I	1.353	192.5	192.1	0.3	-2.7	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
Meat and edible meat offal	02	0.366	244.3	237.8	-3.5	-1.4	-0.8	-0.9	-2.7
Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates	03	0.689	138.3	141.4	1.5	-3.9	0.6	-0.8	2.2
Vegetable products	II	1.804	197.6	211.4	-10.1	-7.6	-4.8	3.0	7.0
Edible vegetables, roots, and tubers	07	0.352	362.6	384.1	-18.0	-15.9	1.5	0.0	5.9
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.770	118.0	135.3	-11.0	-5.8	-9.2	4.8	14.7
Coffee, tea, mate and spices	09	0.328	209.6	203.2	-11.4	-1.7	-1.0	-0.8	-3.1
Animal or vegetable fats and oils (Dec. 2009=100)	III	0.254	97.1	96.7	-18.3	-4.5	-1.3	-1.8	-0.4
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	2.781	165.7	165.9	2.1	-0.4	-0.6	-0.2	0.1
Sugars and sugar confectionary (Dec. 2012=100)	17	0.193	87.3	87.9	2.1	-0.2	-0.2	-0.5	0.7
Cocoa and cocoa preparations (Dec. 2009=100)	18	0.200	96.5	97.7	2.8	-2.7	-1.2	-3.2	1.2
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts, or other parts of plants	20	0.371	173.0	174.6	2.6	0.7	0.3	0.7	0.9
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.207	103.3	102.3	-	0.1	1.1	0.1	-1.0
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar	22	1.039	132.0	132.0	2.4	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0
Mineral products	V	11.434	227.2	235.9	30.5	2.7	0.9	-2.3	3.8
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	11.171	225.0	233.7	31.1	2.8	0.7	-2.3	3.9
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	9.564	159.6	160.0	5.6	-0.3	0.9	-0.1	0.3
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.619	315.6	328.9	26.3	1.1	0.5	-0.3	4.2
Organic chemicals	29	2.432	133.7	134.1	7.5	-0.1	0.3	-0.2	0.3
Pharmaceutical products	30	4.503	153.9	153.8	3.7	-0.6	1.5	0.0	-0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2009=100)	31	0.268	83.8	82.8	14.8	0.2	0.1	2.2	-1.2
Tanning extracts; dye, pigments, varnish, paints & putty (Dec. 2011=100)	32	0.183	107.8	106.2	-0.4	0.7	1.0	-1.2	-1.5
Essential oils and resinoids (Dec. 2016=100)	33	0.571	102.3	102.1	-0.2	-0.6	-0.6	0.0	-0.2
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	0.634	106.9	106.8	1.6	0.0	0.2	-0.4	-0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	3.404	141.6	141.3	0.8	0.4	-0.1	0.3	-0.2
Plastics and articles thereof	39	2.246	145.0	144.8	1.8	0.7	0.1	0.4	-0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	1.158	137.1	136.7	-0.9	-0.3	-0.6	0.1	-0.3
Raw hides, skins, leather, furskins, travel goods, etc	VIII	0.635	125.8	125.1	0.8	-0.1	-0.1	0.1	-0.6
Articles of leather; travel goods, bags, etc. of various materials	42	0.601	131.5	131.0	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	-0.4
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, basketware and wickerwork	IX	1.058	168.7	166.4	4.0	0.4	-2.8	-3.7	-1.4
Wood and articles of wood; wood charcoal (Dec. 2014=100)	44	1.035	116.5	114.9	4.1	0.4	-2.9	-3.8	-1.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	1.129	120.9	121.2	9.9	1.6	1.8	0.8	0.2
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	0.741	111.5	111.0	7.9	1.1	2.2	0.7	-0.4
Printed matter (Dec. 2015=100)	49	0.215	111.8	113.7	8.6	3.5	0.9	0.4	1.7
Textile and textile articles	XI	4.979	114.3	114.4	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, knitted or crocheted	61	1.994	103.9	104.1	0.2	0.3	-0.2	-0.2	0.2
Articles of apparel and clothing accessories, not knitted or crocheted	62	1.697	120.1	120.4	1.2	0.3	0.1	0.2	0.2
Made-up or worn textile articles	63	0.637	104.3	104.1	0.2	-0.3	0.0	0.4	-0.2
Headgear, umbrellas, artificial flowers, etc.	XII	1.376	122.5	122.4	0.6	0.2	0.2	0.0	-0.1
Footwear and parts of such articles	64	1.151	121.3	121.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.922	131.9	132.1	1.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.2
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)	68	0.332	99.7	99.8	3.2	0.7	0.0	-0.7	0.1
Ceramic products	69	0.255	135.1	135.2	-0.5	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Glass and glassware	70	0.335	131.8	131.9	0.5	-0.5	0.0	0.2	0.1
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	2.962	168.5	166.5	-4.8	0.2	-1.7	-1.6	-1.2
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	5.602	181.2	179.9	4.2	0.2	-1.1	-1.1	-0.7
Iron and steel	72	1.363	231.2	231.4	15.4	0.0	0.8	-0.9	0.1
Articles of iron or steel	73	1.602	152.6	152.2	3.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.386	279.7	270.9	-9.9	-0.9	-7.1	-4.7	-3.1
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.944	139.4	138.1	4.0	0.0	-1.8	-1.4	-0.9
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal; parts thereof	82	0.416	122.9	123.3	0.3	-0.2	0.0	0.0	0.3
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.513	137.2	137.0	-0.4	-0.5	0.2	0.0	-0.1
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	28.639	80.4	80.4	-0.2	-0.2	-0.1	0.0	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	14.044	86.8	86.8	0.5	-0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Electrical machinery and equip, sound and TV recorders & reproducers, parts	85	14.595	74.4	74.4	-1.1	-0.3	-0.3	0.0	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	13.900	114.2	114.2	0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	12.710	113.3	113.3	0.4	0.0	0.1	-0.1	0.0
Aircraft, spacecraft, and parts thereof (Dec. 2002=100)	88	1.100	115.3	114.9	-0.5	0.1	-0.2	-0.1	-0.3
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	3.818	102.3	102.2	0.2	-0.5	0.0	-0.2	-0.1
Optical, photographic, measuring and medical instruments	90	3.532	98.8	98.8	0.2	-0.4	-0.1	-0.2	0.0
Clocks and watches and parts thereof	91	0.226	141.8	142.4	-1.0	-1.5	0.4	-0.3	0.4
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	4.298	112.7	112.8	1.5	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.1
Furniture & stuffed furnishings; lamps & lighting fittings, nesoi; prefab bldgs	94	2.707	118.5	118.5	1.4	0.2	0.1	0.3	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	1.308	103.0	103.3	2.0	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.3
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	96	0.282	129.5	129.5	-0.2	0.5	0.3	-0.1	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 6. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes for selected categories of goods: September 2017 to September 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Harmo- nized system	Relative import- ance Aug. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
			Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
					Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
Live animals; animal products	I	1.925	207.9	208.5	0.0	-0.6	0.9	-1.0	0.3
Meat & edible meat offal (Dec. 2006=100)	02	1.147	162.5	161.1	-3.3	-0.9	0.6	-1.9	-0.9
Fish and crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic invertebrates (Dec. 2016=100)	03	0.421	119.4	120.6	9.5	-3.4	3.9	0.6	1.0
Dairy products, eggs and honey (Dec. 2017=100)	04	0.282	103.0	107.5	-	4.4	-1.6	0.9	4.4
Vegetable products	II	4.540	188.3	183.6	-3.8	-1.4	-8.9	1.6	-2.5
Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruit or melons	08	0.813	131.1	130.7	-7.9	2.1	-5.3	-2.9	-0.3
Cereals	10	1.452	196.8	190.8	9.6	-2.6	-7.7	5.0	-3.0
Oilseeds and misc. grains, seeds, fruits, plants, straw and fodder	12	1.806	191.9	178.7	-10.6	-2.2	-11.7	2.4	-6.9
Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, and tobacco	IV	3.044	150.4	149.8	0.2	-0.7	-1.6	-0.3	-0.4
Preparations of vegetables, fruit, nuts or other parts of plants (Dec. 2009=100)	20	0.343	116.8	116.2	-0.3	-0.5	-0.5	0.1	-0.5
Miscellaneous edible preparations (Dec. 2017=100)	21	0.567	97.5	97.8	-	0.2	-1.5	1.7	0.3
Beverages, spirits, and vinegar (Dec. 2008=100)	22	0.525	108.0	103.2	-8.3	-0.3	-0.6	-1.5	-4.4
Residues and waste from the food industries; prepared animal feed	23	0.716	213.3	215.8	11.2	-2.3	-4.3	-2.2	1.2
Mineral products	V	10.671	246.7	249.9	15.1	2.3	0.7	-0.3	1.3
Ores, slag and ash (Dec. 2012=100)	26	0.492	97.7	94.7	-6.6	-1.7	-2.6	-7.2	-3.1
Mineral fuels, oils and residuals, bituminous substances and mineral waxes	27	9.999	239.1	242.7	16.6	2.6	0.8	0.1	1.5
Products of the chemical or allied industries	VI	10.767	139.1	139.3	3.3	-0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Inorganic chemicals	28	0.678	152.8	151.7	-3.4	0.0	-5.5	-3.2	-0.7
Organic chemicals	29	2.590	147.4	148.4	9.3	0.8	1.0	0.0	0.7
Pharmaceutical products	30	3.194	106.7	106.6	1.1	-0.8	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Fertilizers (Dec. 2016=100)	31	0.262	122.9	127.9	22.3	-1.8	0.5	1.6	4.1
Tanning or dyeing extracts, dyes, paints varnish, putty, & inks (Dec. 2015=100)	32	0.532	102.5	102.4	3.0	-0.3	0.2	-0.1	-0.1
Essential oils and resinoids; perfumery cosmetic or toilet preparations	33	0.809	130.9	130.9	-1.2	0.4	-0.2	0.1	0.0
Soap; lubricants; waxes, polishing or scouring products; candles, pastes	34	0.492	119.9	119.8	-7.1	0.1	-0.2	0.5	-0.1
Miscellaneous chemical products	38	1.822	153.8	153.9	6.7	-0.1	0.8	0.0	0.1
Plastics and articles thereof; rubber and articles thereof	VII	5.210	145.4	145.4	5.4	0.4	0.3	0.0	0.0
Plastics and articles thereof	39	4.321	141.9	141.8	5.8	0.4	0.4	-0.1	-0.1
Rubber and articles thereof	40	0.889	159.5	159.4	3.7	0.4	-0.6	0.6	-0.1
Wood, wood charcoal, cork, straw, baskets and wickerwork (Dec. 2014=100)	IX	0.671	104.4	102.9	2.1	0.2	-0.5	-2.0	-1.4
Woodpulp, recovered paper, and paper products	X	2.107	134.7	132.8	5.4	0.8	1.1	-0.4	-1.4
Woodpulp and recovered paper	47	0.663	144.5	138.8	3.8	2.2	2.7	-1.7	-3.9
Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard	48	1.108	129.9	129.6	6.0	-0.2	0.6	0.1	-0.2
Printed material (Dec. 2014=100)	49	0.336	108.1	107.9	6.3	0.8	-0.3	0.0	-0.2
Textile and textile articles	XI	1.698	126.1	126.1	5.3	-0.7	-1.0	1.1	0.0
Cotton, including yarns and woven fabrics thereof	52	0.472	140.2	135.0	8.0	-2.6	-3.2	2.3	-3.7
Stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, ceramics, glass etc.	XIII	0.802	124.0	124.2	0.7	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	0.2
Articles of stone, plaster, cement, asbestos, or mica (Dec. 2015=100)	68	0.269	102.1	102.6	1.3	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.5
Glass and glassware	70	0.409	99.2	99.2	0.5	0.0	0.0	-0.1	0.0
Pearls, stones, precious metals, imitation jewelry, and coins	XIV	3.955	232.0	230.4	-4.2	0.2	-1.5	-1.3	-0.7
Base metals and articles of base metals	XV	4.886	160.2	159.9	1.8	0.5	-0.7	-2.3	-0.2
Iron and steel	72	1.095	176.6	179.8	6.5	0.3	-0.1	-3.2	1.8
Copper and articles thereof	74	0.525	185.9	178.8	-5.3	4.2	-4.6	-5.2	-3.8
Aluminum and articles thereof	76	0.913	114.0	112.4	-2.9	-0.1	-2.7	-5.3	-1.4
Tools, implements, cutlery, spoons and forks, of base metal (Dec. 2015=100)	82	0.314	100.0	100.0	0.5	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous articles of base metal	83	0.343	153.0	153.0	3.2	0.3	0.1	0.0	0.0
Machinery, electrical equipment, TV image and sound recorders, parts, etc.	XVI	27.525	97.7	97.7	1.6	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0
Machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof	84	15.782	115.1	115.2	1.2	0.1	0.1	-0.1	0.1
Electrical machinery and equipment and parts and accessories thereof	85	11.743	78.9	78.9	2.1	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.0
Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment	XVII	14.272	135.4	135.6	1.8	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Motor vehicles and their parts	87	8.269	116.3	116.4	0.9	-0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
Optical, photo, measuring, medical & musical instruments; & timepieces	XVIII	5.952	109.6	109.5	2.5	0.1	0.0	0.1	-0.1
Miscellaneous manufactured articles	XX	1.397	112.8	112.8	0.5	0.0	0.5	0.1	0.0
Furniture; stuffed furnishings; lamps and lighting fittings nesoi;	94	0.819	130.0	130.0	1.4	0.1	1.1	0.0	0.0
Toys, games and sports equipment; parts and accessories thereof	95	0.416	87.6	87.6	-1.2	-0.1	0.0	0.2	0.0
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

Table 7. U.S. import price indexes and percent changes by locality of origin: September 2017 to September 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	125.7	125.8	4.4	-0.2	0.1	-0.2	0.1
Nonmanufacturing	9.561	169.2	176.3	28.3	-0.9	2.5	-0.6	4.2
Manufacturing	89.932	121.6	121.3	2.3	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Canada	100.000	136.7	137.7	9.5	0.2	-0.1	-0.6	0.7
Nonmanufacturing	25.356	161.8	168.9	29.1	-1.1	2.7	-0.5	4.4
Manufacturing	73.802	133.6	132.9	3.6	0.7	-1.0	-0.5	-0.5
European Union	100.000	137.2	136.9	2.2	-0.3	0.0	-0.1	-0.2
Manufacturing	98.982	133.7	133.5	2.2	-0.3	0.0	0.0	-0.1
France (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.6	128.4	2.4	-0.3	-0.1	0.0	-0.2
Germany (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	111.9	111.9	-2.8	-0.3	-0.2	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	121.6	121.5	2.7	0.3	-0.4	-0.4	-0.1
Latin America(3)	100.000	150.8	152.8	4.5	-0.5	0.1	-0.7	1.3
Nonmanufacturing	19.294	271.2	290.1	18.6	-1.4	0.8	-1.9	7.0
Manufacturing	80.434	122.3	122.2	1.4	-0.2	-0.1	-0.4	-0.1
Mexico (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	128.6	129.8	0.5	-0.2	-0.4	0.1	0.9
Nonmanufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	9.290	141.8	157.9	8.2	-1.9	2.2	1.1	11.4
Manufacturing (Dec. 2008=100)	90.457	88.2	88.1	-0.2	0.0	-0.6	-0.1	-0.1
Pacific Rim (Dec. 2003=100)(4)	100.000	99.1	99.0	0.6	0.0	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
China (Dec. 2003=100)	100.000	100.3	100.2	0.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Japan	100.000	96.7	96.5	0.7	-0.1	0.2	0.0	-0.2
Asian NICs(5)	100.000	88.9	88.6	1.5	-0.2	-0.2	-0.4	-0.3
ASEAN (Dec. 2003=100)(6)	100.000	98.7	98.6	0.5	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1
Asia Near East (Dec. 2003=100)(7)	100.000	192.5	200.6	29.9	2.6	0.1	0.2	4.2
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries. (5) Asian Newly Industrialized Countries - Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. (6) Association of Southeast Asian Nations - Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. (7) Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 8. U.S. export price indexes and percent changes by locality of destination: September 2017 to September 2018 [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	100.000	102.3	102.5	-	-0.2	0.0	-0.1	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	6.475	98.9	100.7	-	-2.2	2.7	0.5	1.8
Manufacturing	92.306	102.6	102.7	-	0.0	-0.2	-0.1	0.1
Canada	100.000	104.0	104.4	-	0.2	-0.1	0.2	0.4
European Union	100.000	103.2	103.2	-	-0.1	-0.1	-0.1	0.0
Nonmanufacturing	4.847	100.4	99.7	-	0.1	-3.3	0.4	-0.7
Manufacturing	94.155	103.4	103.4	-	-0.2	0.2	-0.2	0.0
Germany	100.000	101.2	100.8	-	-0.4	-0.2	-0.4	-0.4
Latin America(3)	100.000	103.8	104.0	-	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nonmanufacturing	6.455	105.7	104.4	-	0.4	-2.8	2.3	-1.2
Manufacturing	93.203	103.7	104.0	-	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.3
Mexico	100.000	102.8	102.7	-	0.3	0.1	0.1	-0.1
Nonmanufacturing	6.226	104.0	103.1	-	0.1	-2.3	1.5	-0.9
Manufacturing	93.375	102.7	102.7	-	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.0
Pacific Rim(4)	100.000	100.3	99.6	-	-0.3	-1.0	-0.5	-0.7
Nonmanufacturing	11.885	96.0	90.6	-	-2.9	-7.1	0.2	-5.6
Manufacturing	85.655	100.9	101.1	-	0.0	-0.2	-0.4	0.2
China	100.000	99.8	98.1	-	-0.6	-2.2	-0.2	-1.7
Nonmanufacturing	18.579	95.3	89.2	-	-2.2	-9.9	1.8	-6.4
Manufacturing	76.943	100.8	100.5	-	-0.3	-0.5	-0.2	-0.3
Japan	100.000	100.1	99.6	-	-0.3	-1.2	-0.3	-0.5
Nonmanufacturing	14.416	95.5	92.2	-	-2.1	-7.4	-1.4	-3.5
Manufacturing	84.662	100.9	101.0	-	0.1	0.0	-0.1	0.1
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 9. U.S. terms of trade indexes and percent changes by locality: September 2017 to September 2018(1) [December 2017=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Index		Percent change
	Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
			Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
Industrialized Countries(2)	99.6	99.7	-	0.1	-0.1	0.1	0.1
Canada	100.0	99.6	-	-0.1	0.1	0.8	-0.4
European Union	101.2	101.5	-	0.2	-0.1	-0.1	0.3
Germany	104.1	103.7	-	-0.2	0.0	-0.4	-0.4
Latin America(3)	102.5	101.3	-	0.7	0.1	0.8	-1.2
Mexico	103.1	102.1	-	0.5	0.5	0.0	-1.0
Pacific Rim(4)	99.6	99.0	-	-0.3	-0.9	-0.3	-0.6
China	99.6	98.0	-	-0.6	-2.1	-0.1	-1.6
Japan	98.9	98.6	-	-0.2	-1.3	-0.3	-0.3
Footnotes (1) Terms of trade indexes are derived by dividing the export price index by the corresponding import price index and multiplying by 100. (2) Western Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. (3) Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. (4) China, Japan, Australia, Brunei, Indonesia, Macao, Malaysia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and the Asian Newly Industrialized Countries.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Regions are not mutually exclusive. Dash = Not available

Table 10. U.S. international price indexes and percent changes for selected transportation services: September 2017 to September 2018 [2000=100, unless otherwise noted]

Description	Relative import- ance Aug. 2018(1)	Index		Percent change
		Aug. 2018	Sept. 2018	Annual	Monthly
				Sept. 2017 to Sept. 2018	May 2018 to June 2018	June 2018 to July 2018	July 2018 to Aug. 2018	Aug. 2018 to Sept. 2018
Air Freight
Import Air Freight	100.000	187.4	188.9	3.3	-1.1	-2.4	-0.4	0.8
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	23.848	147.3	145.7	-1.4	-3.5	-0.8	-0.3	-1.1
Asia	63.898	181.1	184.3	5.0	-0.3	-3.3	-0.5	1.8
Export Air Freight	100.000	162.9	163.7	3.4	0.0	-0.1	-0.6	0.5
Europe (Dec. 2006=100)	33.000	148.1	149.1	0.8	0.8	-0.4	-0.2	0.7
Inbound Air Freight	100.000	171.2	173.2	4.1	-0.2	-2.1	-0.3	1.2
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	25.685	135.7	135.6	-0.7	-2.2	-0.2	-0.7	-0.1
Asia	59.164	162.2	165.5	3.8	0.5	-2.9	-0.2	2.0
Outbound Air Freight	100.000	148.7	144.8	4.2	-0.4	3.4	3.0	-2.6
Europe (Dec. 2003=100)	31.946	148.1	149.1	3.7	0.2	-0.7	0.1	0.7
Asia	45.793	152.7	142.4	6.5	-0.6	8.4	7.4	-6.7
Air Passenger Fares
Import Air Passenger Fares	100.000	163.5	181.0	5.7	7.3	-5.8	-8.8	10.7
Europe	39.902	175.8	211.5	9.6	7.9	-8.5	-12.2	20.3
Asia	24.970	133.1	132.3	-2.1	12.6	-7.9	-8.0	-0.6
Latin America/Caribbean	10.253	157.5	148.8	-2.6	4.6	2.3	-4.2	-5.5
Export Air Passenger Fares	100.000	155.6	151.2	2.4	5.0	1.6	-3.7	-2.8
Europe	28.173	189.4	198.5	-3.8	6.4	0.3	-11.1	4.8
Asia	28.593	145.2	134.9	13.5	7.0	4.4	2.0	-7.1
Latin America/Caribbean	23.916	162.1	153.2	-5.8	4.0	0.9	-1.5	-5.5
Footnotes (1) Relative importance figures are based on 2016 trade values.
NOTES: Data may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. Dash = Not available

                                                TECHNICAL NOTE                                                

Import and Export Goods and Services Price Indexes - All indexes use a modified Laspeyres 
formula and are not seasonally adjusted. Price indexes are reweighted annually, with a 2-year lag in the 
weights. Published series use a base year of 2000=100 where possible. More detailed index series and 
additional information may be obtained at www.bls.gov/mxp or by calling (202) 691-7101.

Merchandise Goods Classification Systems - The merchandise price indexes are published using three 
classification systems. Items are classified by end use according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Classification System, by industry according to the North American Industry Classification System 
(NAICS), and by product category according to the Harmonized System (HS). While classification by 
end use and product category are self-explanatory, some notes are in order for classifying items by 
industry. In the NAICS imports and exports tables, items are classified by output industry, not input 
industry. As an example, NAICS import index 326 (plastics and rubber products manufacturing) 
includes outputs such as manufactured plastic rather than inputs such as petroleum. The NAICS 
classification structure also matches the classification system used by the Producer Price Index (PPI) to 
produce the NAICS primary products indexes.

Import Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United 
States Annotated (TSUSA). Import prices are based on U.S. dollar prices paid by the U.S. importer. The 
prices are generally either "free on board" (f.o.b.) foreign port or "cost, insurance, and freight" (c.i.f.) 
U.S. port transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual industry. The index for crude 
petroleum is calculated from data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy.  

Export Price Goods Indexes - Items are classified by the Harmonized Schedule B classification system 
of the U.S. Bureau of the Census. The prices used are generally either "free alongside ship" (f.a.s.) 
factory or "free on board" (f.o.b.) transaction prices, depending on the practices of the individual 
industry. Prices used in the grain index, excluding rice, are obtained from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

Services Price Indexes - Indexes for import and export air passenger fares calculate changes in the 
average revenue received per passenger by foreign carriers from U.S. residents and by U.S. carriers from 
foreign residents, respectively. Data are obtained from an airline consulting service and report on tickets 
sold by travel agencies, travel websites, and directly by the airlines. Taxes and fees are included in both 
the import and export air passenger fares indexes. Import air passenger fares data have used the airline 
consulting service source since September 2008. Before April 2018, the export air passenger fares data 
were collected directly by BLS from U.S. airlines. The air freight indexes are calculated from data 
collected directly from airlines. These data exclude mail and passenger baggage. The scope of the 
service being priced is the movement of freight from airport to airport only, and does not include any 
ground transportation or port service. The air freight indexes are presented using two definitions: 
balance of payments (which represents transactions between U.S. and foreign residents) and 
international (which represents transactions inbound to and outbound from the United States.) Fact 
sheets specifying detailed information for each services industry are available at www.bls.gov/mxp 
under "MXP Publications."

Import Price Indexes by Locality of Origin - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the import price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and, 
beginning with January 2002, are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 
covering goods-producing industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and 
manufactured goods are defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Export Price Indexes by Locality of Destination - Prices used in these indexes are a subset of the data 
collected for the export price indexes. The indexes are specific to a country, region, or grouping and are 
based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) covering goods-producing 
industries. Nonmanufactured goods are defined as NAICS 11 and 21, and manufactured goods are 
defined as NAICS 31-33. 

Terms of Trade Indexes - Terms of trade indexes measure the relative price of exports in terms of 
import prices for a specific country, region, or grouping. The indexes are calculated as one country, 
region, or grouping's all-export goods price index divided by the corresponding all-import goods price 
index on a scale of 100. 
   
Relative Importance - A relative importance is a specific index's price-updated value share (expressed 
as a percentage) of overall imports or exports at a specific point in time. Relative importance values are 
affected by the trade weights at the point indexes are reweighted and index changes relative to other 
indexes since the reweight point. If an index is rising in value relative to other indexes over time, the 
relative importance will increase as well. 
 
Revision Policy - To reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents, monthly data 
may be revised in each of the 3 months after original publication. After 3 months, no further data 
revisions take place. For example, data first published in the January release will be subject to revision 
in the releases for February, March, and April.

Rounding Policy - Index values are rounded to the tenth decimal place after being calculated. All 
percent changes are then derived from the rounded index values and subsequently rounded to the tenth 
decimal place.

Uses of the Data - The primary use of the indexes is to deflate trade statistics, notably the foreign trade 
sector of the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) constructed by the Department of 
Commerce. Other published indexes are useful for general market analysis. For trade in international 
services, balance of payments indexes are used for deflating NIPA, while international indexes are more 
appropriate for market analysis. 

Email Subscription - The U.S. import and export price indexes news release is available through an 
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Additional Information - More detailed data are available on the Import/Export Price Indexes home 
page at www.bls.gov/mxp. For import and export price indexes data requests, send an email to 
mxpinfo@bls.gov.   
Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request.  
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